含水合物沉积物三轴剪切试验与损伤统计分析

天然气水合物开采诱发水合物分解,削弱水合物地层强度,可能导致地层滑动和生产平台倒塌等工程地质灾害,对水合物开采安全性构成严重威胁.深入理解含水合物沉积物力学性质并建立合理的本构关系模型是水合物开采安全性评价的前提条件.在自主研发的含水合物沉积物力学性质测试实验装置上,采用饱和水海砂沉积物气体扩散法制备了含水合物沉积物样品,并开展了系列的排水三轴剪切试验,通过时域反射技术实现了样品中水合物饱和度的实时在线测量;基于复合材料的罗伊斯(Reuss)应力串联模型和沃伊特(Voigt)应变并联模型提出了含水合物沉积物等效弹性模量的细观力学混合律模型,结合损伤统计理论和摩尔-库伦破坏准则改进了含水合物沉积物的本构关系模型.结果表明:随着水合物饱和度的增加和有效围压的减小,应力-应变曲线由应变硬化型变为应变软化型,割线模量和峰值强度均随水合物饱和度与有效围压的增加而提高,黏聚力受水合物饱和度影响明显,而内摩擦角基本不变;提出的等效弹性模量细观力学混合律模型与改进的本构关系模型均具有良好的适用性,模型参数少且物理意义明确.      

泡沫铝夹芯梁四点弯曲性能试验研究

通过准静态四点弯曲试验对泡沫铝夹芯梁的弯曲力学性能进行了测试,研究了它的破坏过程、破坏形态和典型荷载-位移曲线,分析了芯层厚度和面层厚度等参数对其弯曲力学性能的影响。结果表明,泡沫铝夹芯梁四点弯曲破坏过程历经三个阶段,呈现三种失效模式:整体弯曲破坏、局部屈曲破坏以及整体屈曲破坏;芯层厚度和面层厚度对夹芯梁的弯曲承载力和吸能效果有明显影响;在本试验参数范围内,芯层厚度为25mm,面层厚度为0.4mm时,夹芯梁具有最优弯曲力学性能。     

Time-dependent Viscoelastic Behavior of an LDPE Melt

Two differential constitutive equations, i.e. Giesekus model and Johnson–Segalman model were employed here to predict the time-dependent viscoelastic behavior of an LDPE melt in thixotropy-loop experiments and step shear rate experiment. Multiple relaxation modes were adopted, and the parameters used to describe the nonlinear viscoelasticity in the two models were obtained by fitting the shear-thinning viscosity. The predictions on those transient shear characteristics by the two models are found in qualitative agreement with our previous experiments. Johnson– Segalman model predicts oscillation behavior in the thixotropy-loop and step shear rate experiments, whereas Giesekus model does not. Both models predict higher shear stresses than the experimental data in the case of long time shearing, implying that both models are not able to completely characterize the time-dependent shear stress of the melt at high shear rate.The project was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (10402024, 50335010).The English text was polished by Yunming Chen.     

Nonlocality and Entanglement

By constructing a series of mixture, which is inseparable but satisfies the Mermin-Klyshko inequality, for the N-qubit system, we prove that ＂violation of the Mermin-Klyshko inequality＂ is not equivalent to ＂the state is inseparable＂.     

Robust Test Statistics Based on Restricted Minimum Rényi’s Pseudodistance Estimators

The Rao’s score, Wald and likelihood ratio tests are the most common procedures for testing hypotheses in parametric models. None of the three test statistics is uniformly superior to the other two in relation with the power function, and moreover, they are first-order equivalent and asymptotically optimal. Conversely, these three classical tests present serious robustness problems, as they are based on the maximum likelihood estimator, which is highly non-robust. To overcome this drawback, some test statistics have been introduced in the literature based on robust estimators, such as robust generalized Wald-type and Rao-type tests based on minimum divergence estimators. In this paper, restricted minimum Rényi’s pseudodistance estimators are defined, and their asymptotic distribution and influence function are derived. Further, robust Rao-type and divergence-based tests based on minimum Rényi’s pseudodistance and restricted minimum Rényi’s pseudodistance estimators are considered, and the asymptotic properties of the new families of tests statistics are obtained. Finally, the robustness of the proposed estimators and test statistics is empirically examined through a simulation study, and illustrative applications in real-life data are analyzed.     

Effects of Spatial Nonlocality versus Nonlocal Causality for Bound Electrons in External Fields

Using numerically exact solution of the time-dependent Schrödinger equation together with time-dependent quantum Monte Carlo (TDQMC) calculations, here we compare the effects of spatial nonlocality versus nonlocal causality for the ground state and for real-time evolution of two entangled electrons in parabolic potential in one spatial dimension. It was found that the spatial entanglement quantified by the linear quantum entropy is predicted with good accuracy using the spatial nonlocality, parameterized naturally within the TDQMC approach. At the same time, the nonlocal causality predicted by the exact solution leads to only small oscillations in the quantum trajectories which belong to the idler electron as the driven electron is subjected to a strong high frequency electric field, without interaction between the electrons.     

Optimal Quantum Violations of n-Locality Inequalities with Conditional Dependence on Inputs

Bell experiment in a network gives rise to a form of quantum nonlocality which is conceptually different from traditional multipartite Bell nonlocality. In this work, the star-network configuration involving arbitrary n independent sources and $(n+1)$ parties, including n edge parties and one central party is considered. Each of the n edge parties shares a physical system with the central party. Each edge party receives $2^{m-1}$ number of inputs, and the central party receives an arbitrary m number of inputs. The conditional dependence on the inputs of each edge party is imposed so that the local probabilities satisfy a set of constraints. A family of generalized n-locality inequalities is proposed in the arbitrary input scenario by imposing the set of constraints on inputs. The optimal quantum violation of the inequalities is derived by using an elegant sum-of-squares approach without specifying the dimension of the quantum system. Notably, the optimal quantum value is achieved only when the set of linear constraints on inputs is satisfied, which, in turn, self-tests the observables required for each edge party. It shows that while conditional dependence on inputs significantly reduces the n-local bound of the inequalities, the optimal quantum violation remains invariant. It argues that this implies a more robust test of network non-locality, which can be revealed for smaller visibility parameters of the corresponding state. Further, the network nonlocality is characterized and examine its correspondence with suitably derived standard Bell nonlocality.     

Inequality relations for the hierarchy of quantum correlations in two-qubit systems

Entanglement, quantum steering and Bell nonlocality can be used to describe the distinct quantum correlations of quantum systems. Because of their different characteristics and application fields, how to divide them quantitatively and accurately becomes particularly important. Based on the sufficient and necessary criterion for quantum steering of an arbitrary two-qubit T-state, we derive the inequality relations between quantum steering and entanglement as well as between quantum steering and Bell nonlocality for the T-state. Additionally, we have verified those relations experimentally.     

Sharing quantum nonlocality in star network scenarios

The Bell nonlocality is closely related to the foundations of quantum physics and has significant applications to security questions in quantum key distributions. In recent years, the sharing ability of the Bell nonlocality has been extensively studied. The nonlocality of quantum network states is more complex. We first discuss the sharing ability of the simplest bilocality under unilateral or bilateral POVM measurements, and show that the nonlocality sharing ability of network quantum states under unilateral measurements is similar to the Bell nonlocality sharing ability, but different under bilateral measurements. For the star network scenarios, we present for the first time comprehensive results on the nonlocality sharing properties of quantum network states, for which the quantum nonlocality of the network quantum states has a stronger sharing ability than the Bell nonlocality.     

Engineering innovative interfaces for point-of-care diagnostics

The ongoing Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic illustrates the need for sensitive and reliable tools to diagnose and monitor diseases. Traditional diagnostic approaches rely on centralized laboratory tests that result in long wait times to results and reduce the number of tests that can be given. Point-of-care tests (POCTs) are a group of technologies that miniaturize clinical assays into portable form factors that can be run both in clinical areas —in place of traditional tests— and outside of traditional clinical settings —to enable new testing paradigms. Hallmark examples of POCTs are the pregnancy test lateral flow assay and the blood glucose meter. Other uses for POCTs include diagnostic assays for diseases like COVID-19, HIV, and malaria but despite some successes, there are still unsolved challenges for fully translating these lower cost and more versatile solutions. To overcome these challenges, researchers have exploited innovations in colloid and interface science to develop various designs of POCTs for clinical applications. Herein, we provide a review of recent advancements in lateral flow assays, other paper based POCTs, protein microarray assays, microbead flow assays, and nucleic acid amplification assays. Features that are desirable to integrate into future POCTs, including simplified sample collection, end-to-end connectivity, and machine learning, are also discussed in this review.