High-energy gravitational antennas: A theoretical approach

Summary Devices exploiting nuclear resonances are believed to be very promising in detecting weak gravitational-wave perturbations. The main difficulty with these systems is that the high-energy photons which induce the nuclear transitions need to travel over distances comparable with the gravity wave wave-lengths (∼100 km) in order to lead to the absorption the largest frequency shift, due to gravitational radiation. Here we show that, if these high-energy photons are not produced by nuclear de-excitation, but by inverse Compton scattering of laser light with ultrarelativistic electrons, a deviation from the resonant frequencies of the order of the gravity wave amplitude is still attained without the photon travel time being comparable with the gravitational-wave periods.

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Riassunto L'uso di apparati che sfruttano i processi di risonanza nucleare sembra essere promettente nella rivelazione delle onde gravitazionali. La difficoltà maggiore in questi apparati è che i fotoni di alta energia che inducono le risonanze devono viaggiare per distanze confrontabili con la lunghezza d'onda delle onde gravitazionali (∼100 km) per poter risentire della variazione di frequenza massima dovuta all'interazione con le onde gravitazionali. Qui si mostra che se questi fotoni di alta energia sono prodotti non dalla diseccitazione nucleare ma da urti Compton inverso di laser con particelle relativistiche, una deviazione dalla frequenza di risonanza dell'ordine dell'ampiezza delle onde gravitazionali è ottenuta senza che il tempo di volo dei fotoni sia confrontabile con il periodo delle onde gravitazionali stesse.

     

On the testing of marginal homogeneity with a one-sided alternative in the analysis of variance

We consider a two-factor experiment in which the factors have the same levels with a natural ordering among the levels. Likelihood ratio tests for testing equality of the main effects with a one-sided alternative and for testing the one-sided hypothesis as a null hypothesis are studied. Closed form expressions for the maximum likelihood estimates under the various hypotheses are obtained. The null hypothesis distributions for these test statistics are derived.The efforts of the first author were supported by the NSERC of Canada. The efforts of the second author were supported by the Office of Naval Research under Contract ONR N00014-80-C-0321. The efforts of the third author were supported by the Office of Naval Research under Contract ONR N00014-80-C-0322.     

An efficiency property of linear nonparametric tests on trend

The efficiency of nonparametric trend tests is considered in the randomized block design: For a large number of rank test statistics the projection on the subset of linear rank statistics defines an even uniformly more efficient rank test than the original test statistics.     

Asymptotic properties of some goodness-of-fit tests based on the L 1-norm

Some goodness-of-fit tests based on the L ₁-norm are considered. The asymptotic distribution of each statistic under the null hypothesis is the distribution of the L ₁-norm of the standard Wiener process on [0,1]. The distribution function, the density function and a table of some percentage points of the distribution are given. A result for the asymptotic tail probability of the L ₁-norm of a Gaussian process is also obtained. The result is useful for giving the approximate Bahadur efficiency of the test statistics whose asymptotic distributions are represented as the L ₁-norms of Gaussian processes.     

Observers in spacetime and nonlocality

Characteristics of observers in relativity theory are critically examined. For field measurements in Minkowski spacetime, the Bohr‐Rosenfeld principle implies that the connection between actual (i.e., noninertial) and inertial observers must be nonlocal. Nonlocal electrodynamics of non‐uniformly rotating observers is discussed and the consequences of this theory for the phenomenon of spin‐rotation coupling are briefly explored.     

Vorwort

¹³C-enriched flour was obtained by the photosynthetic incorporation of ¹³CO₂ during the grain filling period of wheat plants. The mean atom %excess of the pooled flour obtained on two consecutive years was 2.6% and 3.9%. The ¹³C-labelled flour was used as a substrate to measure starch digestion and the effect of gelatinisation on ¹³CO₂ recovery in a healthy adult volunteer. Only 400 mg of ¹³C flour/adult were required in order to accurately measure the excretion of ¹³CO₂. The starch load could be varied by the addition of flour with natural ¹³C abundance. An increased rate of starch hydrolysis after gelatinisation was demonstrated after the ingestion of a 50 g starch load. Wheat starch can be successfully labelled with ¹³C and used as a substrate for ¹³C breath tests.     

Estimate of the background of a gravitational-wave detector due to cosmic rays

Summary The authors examine once more the effect of cosmic rays on a resonating gravitational-wave antenna in view of the very high sensitivities that are required for detecting the supernovae of the Virgo Cluster. They show that, at sea-level, the secondaries generated in the bar by the electromagnetic interaction of high-energy muons produce signals with rates much larger than that expected from supernovae. This inconvenience is eliminated in an underground laboratory.

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Riassunto Gli autori esaminano nuovamente l'effetto dei raggi cosmici su di una antenna gravitazionale risonante, in considerazione della elevata sensibilità che è necessario raggiungere per rivelare le supernovae del Virgo Cluster. Essi mostrano che al livello del mare i secondari generati nella sbarra dalla interazione electtromagnetica dei muoni di alta energia producono segnali con frequenza statistica maggiore di quella prevista per le supernovae. Questo inconveniente è eliminato in un laboratorio sotterraneo.

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Резюме В работе исследуется влияние космических лучей на резонансную антенну гравитационнын волн, в виду высокой чувствиельности, необходимой для детектирования сверхновых в созвездии Девы. Доказывается, что на уровне моря вторичные частицы, образованные в результате электромагнитного взаимодействия высокоэнергетических мюонов произодят сигналы с интенсивностями, много большими, чем ожидаемые интенсивности сигналов от сверхновых. Это противоречие устраняется в подземной лабоатории.

     

On the invariance principle for differentiable statistical functionals

Sup-norm differentiability of a statistical functional T is shown to be a sufficient condition for invariance principles for T. Application of the result to repeated significance testing is sketched.     

Synthesis of Some Antimicrobial Purine Nucleoside Derivatives

Some N(6)-substituted adenosine derivatives and adenosine attached to different amino-acid residues and peptides at position 8 have been synthesized using improved methods. The biological activities of the prepared compounds towards gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria are described.     

低碳燃料醇共沸脱水技术的数模计算及验证

对低碳燃料醇环己烷共沸蒸馏脱水三塔(甲醇塔、共沸塔和脱水塔)流程中的各塔进行了数模计算,并用小型筛板塔进行验证。模型包括Wilson、NRTL和UNIQUAC。沿塔身十六套552个组分计算值与实测值的平均偏差为约0.8—0.9%(摩尔);107个温度点的平均偏差约2℃(以UNIQUAC最好)。说明采用的数模计算方法,包括数模计算本身及所采用的平衡模型参数及基础物性参数都是可靠的,可满足进一步工程设计的需要。