Connections between quantum chromodynamics and condensed matter physics

Features of QCD can be seen qualitatively in certain condensed matter systems. Recently some of the analyses that originated in condensed matter physics have found applications in QCD. Using examples we discuss some of the connections between the two fields and show how progress can be made by exploiting this connection. Some of the challenges that remain in the two fields are quite similar. We argue that recent algorithmic developments call for optimism in both fields.     

Striped phase in the cuprates as a semiclassical phenomenon

The striped phase, a novel type of electron solid, has been observed recently in a number of doped Mott-Hubbard insulators (including cuprates). This solid consists of a parallel array of charged-domain walls, bound states of carriers and Néel walls in the antiferromagnetic spin system. The existence of these states has been predicted well in advance of their experimental observation on the basis of semiclassical (‘Hartree-Fock’) theory. Nevertheless, it is not at all clear whether semiclassics yields a correct explanation. In this paper we will focus especially on the variety of striped phases realized in the cuprates, characterized by a domain wall filling of half a hole per domain wall unit cell. We will unfold the reasons why semiclassics, as applied to simple Hubbard models, favours strongly a filling of one hole per domain wall unit cell, as is for instance the case in the nickelates. Nevertheless, the occurrence of half-filled walls as semiclassical ground states cannot be excluded on general grounds. It might be that Hubbard models do not incorporate the microscopic situation correctly. Instead, we derive a qualitative criterion: in order to acquire a special stability on the semiclassical level, the half-filled domain walls should be characterized by a quadrupling of the period along the walls, involving a modulation in the longitudinal spin- and/or charge channel. 64.60. - i, 71.27. + a, 74.72. - h, 75.10. - b     

超导多路器的初步研究

超导多路器在卫星通信、电子侦察信道化接收方面有着重要的应用前景 ,文中对此进行了初步研究 ;介绍了其工作原理、设计及模拟结果 ;讨论了实际研制中的一些问题     

Spatial correlations in bounded nonequilibrium fluid systems

We study the influence of boundaries on the equal-time thermal correlations in a three-dimensional fluid maintained under a constant temperature gradient. Within the confines of the model for an idealized fluid bounded by two infinite, parallel walls, we show that it is crucial to retain the unbounded spatial components in the problem so that the solutions approach meaningful results as we move the walls infinitely far apart. In addition, we consider a composite system by including the dynamics of the walls, and we investigate the conditions for the relevant physical parameters under which the details of wall dynamics may be neglected by employing the simple boundary condition T=0.     

Entropy Production: From Open Volume-Preserving to Dissipative Systems

We generalize Gaspard's method for computing the -entropy production rate in Hamiltonian systems to dissipative systems with attractors considered earlier by Tél, Vollmer, and Breymann. This approach leads to a natural definition of a coarse-grained Gibbs entropy which is extensive, and which can be expressed in terms of the SRB measures and volumes of the coarse-graining sets which cover the attractor. One can also study the entropy and entropy production as functions of the degree of resolution of the coarse-graining process, and examine the limit as the coarse-graining size approaches zero. We show that this definition of the Gibbs entropy leads to a positive rate of irreversible entropy production for reversible dissipative systems. We apply the method to the case of a two-dimensional map, based upon a model considered by Vollmer, Tél, and Breymann, that is a deterministic version of a biased-random walk. We treat both volume-preserving and dissipative versions of the basic map, and make a comparison between the two cases. We discuss the -entropy production rate as a function of the size of the coarse-graining cells for these biased-random walks and, for an open system with flux boundary conditions, show regions of exponential growth and decay of the rate of entropy production as the size of the cells decreases. This work describes in some detail the relation between the results of Gaspard, those of of Tél, Vollmer, and Breymann, and those of Ruelle, on entropy production in various systems described by Anosov or Anosov-like maps.     

Fermi surface,magnetic, and superconducting properties in actinide compounds

The de Haas–van Alphen effect, which is a powerful method to explore Fermi surface properties, has been observed in cerium, uranium, and nowadays even in neptunium and plutonium compounds. Here, we present the results of several studies concerning the Fermi surface properties of the heavy fermion superconductors UPt₃ and NpPd₅Al₂, and of the ferromagnetic pressure-induced superconductor UGe₂, together with those of some related compounds for which fascinating anisotropic superconductivity, magnetism, and heavy fermion behavior has been observed.     

本征Josephson结的表面结的特性研究

在用Bi2Sr2CaCu2O8 δ(BSCCO)单晶制备本征结时,最上面的Cu-O层由于受到所沉积的金属层的影响,其超导性能将发生退化,从而使得表面上两个邻近的Cu-O层形成的表面结具有不同于内部本征结的性质.我们对表面结的I～V、Ic'～T、R～T等电运输特性进行了分析和研究,发现表面结的临界温度Tc通常都比较低,而且临界电流随温度的变化关系也不同于正常本征结.并且利用旁路电阻的方法,成功观察到了被旁路后表面结的ac Josephson效应.     

Reentrant resistance via spin-polarized quasiparticle self injection in CMR/HTSC heterostructures

Epitaxial superlattices of half-metal, colossal magnetoresistive La_2/3Ca_1/3MnO₃ (HM-CMR) and high-T_c superconducting YBa₂Cu₃O_7-δ (HTSC) are grown with thick and thin modulation lengths (Λ) of YBCO/LCMO, with Λ = 280 nm and 12.5 nm; respectively, on SrTiO₃ (0 0 1) single-crystalline substrates by pulsed laser deposition. Transport measurements R(T) show a resistive state below T = 35 K although the superconducting transition temperature is found to be T_c = 60 K and 63 K for both different superlattices, respectively. The onset of the resistive state coincides with a magnetic transition of the samples. This can be explained by a diffusion of spin-polarized quasiparticles into the superconducting film. Which can be considered as evidence for inverse-proximity effects over a wide temperature range in HM-CMR/HTSC heterostructures.     

Nonequilibrium kinetics: Exact and approximate solutions

The relaxation of an internal state distribution in the presence of an excess of an inert gas is considered. The explicit time dependence of the nonequilibrium contributions to the transition rate coefficients is approximated using the Kapral-Hudson-Ross method. The resulting solution contains cross-correlation terms which do not appear when a single reaction is considered. It is shown that the first term of a perturbation expansion of an exact formal solution gives the Kapral-Hudson-Ross solution for short times, and the Chapman-Enskog solution at long times if there is a wide separation in time scales. The Kapral-Hudson-Ross, Chapman-Enskog, and exact solutions are compared for a two-state, hard-sphere model system.Based on a dissertation by S. Hudson, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1972.National Science Foundation predoctoral fellow, 1967–1971.     

Some properties of stochastic equations for coupled chemical reactions far from equilibrium

Solutions of master equations for coupled chemical reactions far from equilibrium with one varying molecule species are studied and used for getting information about nonlinear Fokker-Planck equations and slow time-dependent processes such as extinction to an absorbing state and transition between several steady states. The Fokker-Planck equation solution is compared to that of the master equation in a relative sense and it is shown that they agree quite well in some important situations but that in general the cases can deviate considerably, when, e.g., accounting for the mutual importance of two probability maxima.