Laser produced plasma: A pumping source for cadmium photo-ionization laser

We report laser oscillations in Cd II on 4d ⁹5s ^{2 2} D _5/2 − 4d ¹⁰5p ² P _3/2 transition at 441.6 nm using laser produced tungsten plasma as a pumping source. Mach Zehnder interferometer is used to measure electron density. Design and working of the crossed heat pipe used in the studies is discussed.     

强激光和稠密等离子体相互作用产生的三次谐波

研究了超强激光和均匀及线性梯度高密度等离子体相互作用产生的三次谐波，特别研究了等离子体密度为四倍临界密度时的情形，这可能是用相对论效应产生高效谐波的最佳密度。     

Wavelength dependent damage in biological multi-photon confocal microscopy: A micro-spectroscopic comparison between femtosecond Ti:sapphire and Cr:forsterite laser sources

Molecular excitation by the simultaneous absorption of two photons provides intrinsic three-dimensional resolution in laser scanning fluorescence microscopy. Thus induced two-photon absorption and the accompanied multi-photon absorption/ionization not only cause photo-bleaching but also cell damage in the vicinity of the focal point. In this paper, we study the wavelength dependent cell damage induced by high intensity femtosecond near infrared lasers. The study was performed with a Ti:sapphire laser and a Cr:forsterite laser. With a longer output wavelength from a Cr:forsterite laser, multi-photon absorption and auto-fluorescence were found to be significantly suppressed and the destructive plasma formation was found to be greatly reduced. Sustained multi-photon spectra can be observed in most plant specimens with a tightly focused Cr:forsterite laser beam under long term irradiation with more than 100 mW laser average power. In contrast, multi-photon absorption induced destructive plasma formation were frequently observed with a tightly focused Ti:sapphire laser beam within seconds with more than 10 mW laser average power.     

Dynamics of radiation scattering by particles of condensed phase in quasicontinuous laser irradiation of metals

Radiation scattering by particles of condensed phase in an ablation plasma plume has been experimentally studied during quasicontinuous laser irradiation (λ = 1.06 μm, q = 0.1–9 MW/cm², τ ∼ 1.5 msec) of duraluminum D16T, aluminum A99, and bismuth. The particle size distribution and the nature of their dispersal during irradiation was studied in scattered light (λ = 0.69 μm) from individual particles that could be visually observed on photographs. It was found that under the pressure developed in the plume, large particles ejected from the irradiated zone can move backward and return to the target (D16T). The plume (Bi) becomes brighter due to ablation of particles in the path of the laser beam. The directional scattering coefficients for scattering from the local zone on the axis of the plume, measured during the laser pulse, were used to study the relationship between the dynamics of entry of condensed phase into the plume, shielding of the target by the particles, and brightening of the plume under the action of the incident laser radiation. __________ Translated from Zhurnal Prikladnoi Spektroskopii, Vol. 73, No. 2, pp. 210–219, March–April, 2006.     

Comparative Study of Plasma Spray Flow Fields and Particle Behavior Near to Flat Inclined Substrates

Numerical models have been developed using computational fluid dynamics (CFD) analysis program FLUENT V6.02^© to investigate the effect of the substrate on the behavior of the plasma flow fields and in-flight particles. Simulations are performed for cases where flat substrates are either present or absent, for the former, the substrate is oriented perpendicularly or inclined to the torch axis. It is shown that although the presence of perpendicular or inclined substrate significantly influences the plasma flow fields at the vicinity of the substrate, the particle behavior remain relatively unaffected. The insignificant effect of the substrate on particle behavior is qualitatively verified by experimental observation using SprayWatch^© imaging diagnostics equipment. Images captured by the equipment confirm that the particles travel through the plasma plume with high momentum and show no sudden change in theirtrajectories right before impacting the substrate. Both the numerical and experimental findings show that the freestream model is sufficiently detailed for future work of this nature.     

Dissipation of laser-radiation energy in the gas surrounding a target in intense plasma formation

For the first time, the dissipation of laser-radiation energy in the gas surrounding a target is investigated under the conditions of intense plasma formation near a surface and the existence of large spots of: irradiation. The parameters of different regions of the heated gas are measured and an energy balance of the process of laser effects is obtained. Institute of Molecular and Atomic Physics, National Academy of Sciences of Belarus, 70, F. Skorina Ave., Minsk, 220072, Belarus. Translated from Zhurnal Prikladnoi Spektroskopii, Vol. 65, No. 6, pp. 814–817, November–December, 1998.     

Kalman滤波法消除光谱连续背景的研究

本文研究了Ｋａｌｍａｎ滤波法消除光谱连续背景，以电感耦合等离子体原子发射光谱法测量氧化铽中Ｌａ，Ｅｒ，Ｇｄ，Ｄｙ，Ｄｕ和Ｔｍ为例研究了不同背景情况下的结果。用新息序列的平均平方和正交自相关系数超过出信度极限以外数为评价函数，可评价所估计的背景形状，是一种不用测背景，用计算方法消除光谱连续背景的好方法，本方法不仅适用于电感耦合等离子体原子发射光谱，对分光光度，原子等原则上都可适用。     

电磁波的非线性动力理论

使用全动力途径，严格地推导了左旋圆极化电磁波的非线性色散关系。所得到的色散关系被用来分析电子Ｂｅｒｎｓｔｅｉｎ波和高杂波所激发的电磁辐射。结果表明：（１）电子Ｂｅｒｎｓｔｅｉｎ波可以激发频率上移辐射，也可以激发频率下移辐射，这取决于背景等离子体频率ｗｐｅ与电子回旋频率Ωｅ的比值大小；（２）高杂波只能激发频率下移辐射；（３）当电子Ｂｅｒｎｓｔｅｉｎ波位于高杂共振层时，频率上移辐射和频率下移辐射可以同     

激光等离子体能量角分布及吸收定标律

主要研究激光平面靶等离子体发射能量角分布及吸收定标律。实验利用高斯型1.06μm激光脉冲,其能量为2～50J,脉冲宽度为0.3～2.2ns,靶面平均辐照强度为1.8×1013～1.1x10~(15)W/cm~2,光束以25°角入射。实验采用了Au、Ag、Ti、Al和C_8H_8等厚靶。用等离子体卡计测量靶面吸收的激光能量。用指数函数拟合实验数据,给出了吸收效率分别作为激光强度、脉冲宽度和靶材料原子序数的函数的定标关系式。这些关系式定性地与逆轫致吸收的理论关系式相一致。     

一种改进的小波除噪方法用于含噪ICP-AES光谱的处理

提出了一种改进的小波除噪方法。它基于噪声具有频率较高和幅度较小的特点 ,先排除信号中频率较高的成分 ,再丢弃余下的系数较小的成分。对模拟的含噪电感耦合等离子体原子发射光谱 (ICP AES)的处理结果表明 ,该法能克服小波平滑和小波去噪的一些缺陷 ,可去除更多噪声 ,而信号强度不受影响。同时 ,基线变得平坦 ,有利于峰高的定量计算。用该法处理实测ICP AES光谱 ,效果满意。