超高速碰撞产生的电磁辐射

超高速碰撞产生的电磁辐射是固体物质在强冲击作用下的重要物理响应,在深空探测、航天器对空间碎片的防护设计、武器毁伤评估应用广泛。本文中概述了超高速碰撞产生的电磁辐射现象,总结了不同碰撞条件下,超高速碰撞产生微波和闪光的时频特性;从超高速碰撞产生材料破碎和产生等离子体两个方面,分析了超高速碰撞产生微波的辐射模型;归纳了超高速碰撞下的发光机理,并阐述了超高速碰撞产生连续光谱和线谱的辐射模型,指出了超高速碰撞产生电磁辐射研究存在的不足与发展趋势。     

Plasma Parameters around a Chain-Like Structure of Dust Particles in an External Electric Field

The formation of a 1D chain-like structure of dust particles in a low-temperature argon plasma was studied. A new numerical model for calculation of the self-consistent spatial distribution of plasma parameters around a chain of dust particles was presented. The model described the motion of positively charged ions in the electric potential of several negatively charged dust particles, taking into account the action of an external electric field. The main advantage of the model was that the charges of the dust particles and the interparticle distances were determined self-consistently. As a result of numerical simulations, the dependencies of the spatial distributions of the plasma parameters (the densities of electrons and ions and the self-consistent electric potential) near the dust particles chain on the strength of the external electric field, an external force acted on the last particle, and the mean free path of the ions was determined. The obtained results made it possible to describe the process of the formation of chain-like structures of dust particles in discharge plasma.     

Determination of Chloride Content in Different Types of Cement Using Laser-Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy

The characterization and accurate determination of the chloride content in cement/concrete is very important for the assessment of the durability and safety of a concrete structure. The available analytical techniques are relatively expensive and time consuming. In this study, a laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) system was used for determination of elemental composition in three different types of cement samples. The plasma was generated by focusing a pulsed Nd: YAG laser at 1064 nm on the cement samples. The concentrations of different elements of significance for structural stability in cement samples were determined. The evaluation of the potential and the capabilities of LIBS as a rapid tool for characterization of cement samples is discussed. The optimum LIBS setup and experimental conditions to detect and measure chloride in building materials are reported. The LIBS results were compared with the results obtained using a standard analytical technique such as inductively coupled plasma emission spectroscopy (ICP–ES). The limits of detection were determined, and calibration curves were measured. The results of this investigation indicate the reliability of LIBS to characterize different cement samples and to assess the chloride content in these cements.     

Chemiluminescent GeCl4 + O2 + Ar/He/Reactions

A chemiluminescent flame was produced in the reaction between GeCl₄ and an excited mixture of argon or helium with oxygen. Spectra of the reaction products were recorded and studied. Relative populations of the products in analyzed electronic, vibrational and rotational states corresponded to different temperatures.     

The aging of atmospheric plasma-treated ultrahigh-modulus polyethylene fibers

The aging effects of atmospheric plasma treatments on UHMPE fibers are studied. UHMPE fibers are treated for 0.5 and 1 min with He/O₂/air gas and for 2 and 4 min with He/air gas by atmospheric pressure plasma on a capacitively coupled device at a frequency of 5 kHz. The samples are tested for fiber/epoxy interfacial shear strength at time intervals of 0, 3, 15 and 30 days after initial plasma treatment. Scanning electron microscopy shows micro-cracks on each set of treated fibers, which is not affected by aging over the 30 day study. Interfacial shear strengths (IFSS) for plasma-treated fibers are 2–3 times as high as that of the control. The IFSS for the plasma treated fibers remains constant up to 15 days and then decreases afterwards. XPS Analysis shows a slight increase in atomic concentration of oxygen and nitrogen for each plasma-treated sample. For the He/O₂/air plasma-treated samples, XPS analysis shows an observable increase in C–OH bonds, C=O bonds and COOH bonds, while for the He/air plasma-treated samples, there is a slight increase in C–OH and O=C–O bonds. After 30 days, a decrease in oxygen content for all plasma-treated samples is manifested.     

激光诱导Ni等离子体发射光谱的空间演化特性研究

在350- 600nm 波长范围内测定了激光烧蚀Ni等离子体中Ni原子的空间分辨发射光谱.测定了385.83 nm发射光谱线的相对强度和STARK展宽及其随径向的变化特性。结果表明, 在沿激光束方向上, 当距离靶表面0-2.5mm范围内变化时,谱线的STARK展宽和谱线的强度都随距靶面距离的增大先增大,但增大到最大值后随距离的进一步增大而减小。谱线强度和STARK加宽的最大值都出现在离靶面约1.5mm处。     

基于压缩表示的离子刻蚀仿真三维表面演化方法

为了研究表面演化过程的机理, 提出了一种基于压缩表示的三维表面演化方法来模拟等离子体刻蚀工艺,并着重探讨了对离子刻蚀的仿真. 为了解决三维元胞自动机内存需求量大的问题, 该方法将二维数组和动态存储方式相结合, 既实现元胞信息的无损压缩存储, 又保持三维元胞间的空间相关性. 实验结果也表明该方法不仅节省了大量内存, 而且在高分辨率条件下查找离子初始碰撞的表面元胞效率较高, 满足高分辨率仿真的要求. 将该方法应用于实现刻蚀工艺三维表面仿真中, 模拟结果与实验结果对比验证了该方法的有效性. 关键词： 等离子体刻蚀 元胞自动机 表面演化方法 高分辨率仿真     

基于表面阻抗边界条件的等离子体薄涂层电磁散射的时域有限差分分析

基于表面阻抗边界条件时域有限差分(FDTD)方法研究了一维斜入射情况下非磁化等离子体薄涂层涂敷金属材料的电磁散射特性, 该方法忽略对薄层背景材料进行网格剖分, 大大减少了计算量. 首先推导了理想导体涂敷等离子体薄涂层的表面阻抗频域表达式, 然后代入边界条件并变换到时域, 再用分段线性递推卷积方法将时域表达式离散得到FDTD迭代式. 编程计算了垂直及斜入射情形下的平行极化和垂直极化反射系数, 通过验证算例与解析解对比, 结果表明该方法的准确性和有效性. 最后利用该方法分析了不同入射角对反射系数的影响.     

等离子体合成射流能量效率及工作特性研究

基于等离子体激励器工作过程中气体放电的焦耳加热作用, 并结合局部热力学平衡等离子体物理假设, 开展了等离子体合成射流三维唯象数值研究, 获得了完整工作周期内等离子体合成射流流场发展演变过程. 研究结果表明, 单次能量沉积建立的自维持周期性射流中存在有实现激励器腔体"充分" 回填的最大脉冲工作频率––饱和频率. 大的能量沉积、小的激励器出口直径和相同腔体体积下大的径高比都可以产生速度更高的射流, 而射流速度的提高会伴随有饱和频率的降低. 一个饱和周期内, 最多约有16%的初始腔内气体喷出, 吸气复原仅能实现初始腔体质量90%左右的回填.一个大气压条件下, 容性电源供能的等离子体合成射流激励器电能向气体热能和射流动能的转化效率分别约为5%和1.6%. 关键词： 等离子体激励器 合成射流 能量效率 饱和频率     

两种带电尘埃颗粒的等离子体鞘层玻姆判据

采用流体方程和尘埃充电自洽模型研究了鞘边含有两种尘埃颗粒的等离子体玻姆判据. 通过拟牛顿法数值模拟了鞘边两种尘埃颗粒的存在对尘埃自身充电以及离子马赫数的影响. 两种尘埃颗粒中含量较少的尘埃颗粒数密度的增加, 导致两种尘埃颗粒表面悬浮势一个降低, 一个升高. 含量较少的尘埃颗粒的数密度越多和半径越小, 都会导致离子马赫数增大. 另外鞘边无论何种尘埃颗粒的速度增加, 鞘边离子马赫数都将减小. 关键词： 等离子体鞘层 尘埃颗粒 玻姆判据