Microcanonical Phase Diagram of the BEG and Ising Models

The density of states of long-range Blume-Emery-Griffiths(BEG) and short-range Ising models are obtained by using Wang-Landau sampling with adaptive windows in energy and magnetization space.With accurate density of states,we are able to calculate the microcanonical specific heat of fixed magnetization introduced by Kastner et al.in the regions of positive and negative temperature.The microcanonical phase diagram of the Ising model shows a continuous phase transition at a negative temperature in energy and magnetization plane.However the phase diagram of the long-range model constructed by peaks of the microcanonical specific heat looks obviously different from the Ising chart.     

可迁移的土壤重金属污染高光谱定性分类方法研究

现有基于高光谱遥感的土壤重金属污染定性分类模型,大多采用同一地区室内光谱测定训练样本数据进行模型构建与测试。但室内光谱测定需要复杂的处理过程,成本高,效率低,且无法快速获得目标区域空间上连续的光谱信息。考虑到实际应用需求,模型在相同实验区和不同试验区野外光谱数据是否具有较好的迁移推广能力是目前迫切需要回答的问题。为回答这一问题,选取湖南省郴州市和衡阳市两铅锌矿区作为实验研究区,选用支持向量机（SVM）作为分类器,将郴州实验区室内采样的83个样本数据和衡阳实验区室内采样的46个样本数据分别用于分类器训练,将衡阳地区野外采样的46个样本数据用于分类测试。并首先通过基于联合分布适配（JDA）的迁移学习方法进行光谱变换以缩小两地室内外测定光谱分布差异,然后进行不同区域室内外土壤重金属污染定性分类模型迁移。实验结果表明：（1）由于野外测得的光谱数据会受到太阳辐射、提取的土壤成分差异等因素的干扰导致室内外光谱数据存在显著的分布差异,难以直接将基于室内采样数据训练得到的土壤重金属污染定性分类模型迁移到同一地区测定的野外高光谱数据上。但通过JDA变换缩小室内外分布差异后,模型迁移能力得到显著提升,砷（As）、铅（Pb）和锌（Zn）三种重金属含量是否超标的分类精度都达到了84%以上,Zn元素含量是否超标的分类精度甚至达到了89%以上。（2）由于季节性影响、地区成分的干扰和光谱噪声的增加,不同地区光谱数据存在着更为显著的分布差异,加大了不同地区土壤重金属污染监测的难度,难以将基于室内采样光谱数据所建立的土壤重金属定性分类模型直接迁移到其他地区野外采样数据上（平均分类精度仅在50%左右）。经过JDA迁移学习方法进行室内外光谱变换处理后,模型迁移能力得到保证,因此,室外光谱采样可直接用于研究不同试验区域重金属（As,Pb和Zn）的污染情况。     

Development of non-lethal sampling of carbon and nitrogen stable isotope ratios in salmonids: effects of lipid and inorganic components of fins

The preferred tissue for analyses of fish stable isotope ratios for most researchers is muscle, the sampling of which typically requires the specimen to be sacrificed. The use of non-destructive methods in fish isotopic research has been increasing recently, but as yet is not a standard procedure. Previous studies have reported varying levels of success regarding the utility of non-lethally obtained stable isotope materials, e.g. fins, but none have accounted for the potential compounding effects of inorganic components of fin rays or lipids. Comparisons of carbon (δ¹³C) and nitrogen (δ¹⁵N) stable isotope ratios of muscle with adipose and caudal fin of two salmonids, Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L.) and brown trout (Salmo trutta L.), revealed that caudal fin can be used as a non-destructive surrogate for muscle in stable isotope analysis, but that adipose fin, where available, is a better proxy. The use of a published model to inexpensively counteract the confounding effect of lipids, which are depleted in ¹³C, greatly improved the relationship between fish muscle and fins. However, efforts to account for the inorganic components of fin rays were counterproductive and required twice the biomass of fins clipped from each fish. As this experiment was conducted on wild fish, controlled laboratory studies are required to confirm these field observations.     

一种基于非参数贝叶斯模型的聚类算法

鉴于聚类分析是机器学习和数据挖掘领域的一项重要技术, 并且与监督学习不同的是聚类分析中没有类别或标签的指导信息, 所以如何选择合适的聚类个数(即模型选择)一直是聚类分析中的难点. 由此提出了一种基于Dirichlet过程混合模型的聚类算法, 并用collapsed Gibbs采样算法对混合模型的参数进行估计. 新算法基于非参数贝叶斯模型的框架, 能够在不断的采样过程中优化模型参数并形成合适的聚类个数. 在人工合成数据集和真实数据集上的聚类实验结果表明: 基于Dirichlet过程混合模型的聚类算法不但能够自动确定聚类个数, 而且具有较强灵活性和鲁棒性.     

Multichannel sampling theorem for bandpass signals in the linear canonical transform domain

The linear canonical transform (LCT) describes the effect of first-order quadratic phase optical system on a wave field. The classical multichannel sampling theorem for common bandlimited signals has been extended differently to bandlimited signals associated with LCT. However, a practical issue associated with the reconstruction of the original bandpass signal from multichannel samples in LCT domain still remains unresolved. The purpose of this paper is to introduce a practical multichannel sampling theorem for bandpass signals in LCT domain. The sampling expansion which is constructed by the ordinary convolution in the time domain can reduce the effect of spectral leakage and is easy to implement. The classical multichannel sampling theorem and the well-known sampling theorems for the LCT are shown to be special cases of it. Some potential applications of the multichannel sampling are also presented to show the advantage of the theory.     

Neutral Community Theory: How Stochasticity and Dispersal-Limitation Can Explain Species Coexistence

Neutral community theory explains biodiversity, i.e. the coexistence of several species, as the result of a stochastic balance between immigration and extinction on a local level, and between speciation and extinction on a regional level. The most popular model, presented by Hubbell in 2001, has seen many analytical developments in recent years, which can be used in model analysis, model testing and model comparison. We review these developments here, and present alternative derivations and shine previously unnoticed lights on them.     

Nonuniform sampling and maximum entropy reconstruction applied to the accurate measurement of residual dipolar couplings

Residual dipolar couplings (RDC) provide important global restraints for accurate structure determination by NMR. We show that nonuniform sampling in combination with maximum entropy reconstruction (MaxEnt) is a promising strategy for accelerating and potentially enhancing the acquisition of RDC spectra. Using MaxEnt-processed spectra of nonuniformly sampled data sets that are reduced up to one fifth relative to uniform sampling, accurate 13C'-13Calpha RDCs can be obtained that agree with an RMS of 0.67 Hz with those derived from uniformly sampled, Fourier transformed spectra. While confirming that frequency errors in MaxEnt spectra are very slight, an unexpected class of systematic errors was found to occur in the 6th significant figure of 13C' chemical shifts of doublets obtained by MaxEnt reconstruction. We show that this error stems from slight line shape perturbations and predict it should be encountered in other nonlinear spectral estimation algorithms. In the case of MaxEnt reconstruction, the error can easily be rendered systematic by straightforward optimization of MaxEnt reconstruction parameters and self-cancels in obtaining RDCs from nonuniformly sampled, MaxEnt reconstructed spectra.     

Reconstruction of band-limited signals from multichannel and periodic nonuniform samples in the linear canonical transform domain

Linear canonical transforms (LCTs) are a family of integral transforms with wide application in optical, acoustical, electromagnetic, and other wave propagation problems. This paper addresses the problem of signal reconstruction from multichannel and periodic nonuniform samples in the LCT domain. Firstly, the multichannel sampling theorem (MST) for band-limited signals with the LCT is proposed based on multichannel system equations, which is the generalization of the well-known sampling theorem for the LCT. We consider the problem of reconstructing the signal from its samples which are acquired using a multichannel sampling scheme. For this purpose, we propose two alternatives. The first scheme is based on the conventional Fourier series and inverse LCT operation. The second is based on the conventional Fourier series and inverse Fourier transform (FT) operation. Moreover, the classical Papoulis MST in FT domain is shown to be special case of the achieved results. Since the periodic nonuniformly sampled signal in the LCT has valuable applications, the reconstruction expression for the periodic nonuniformly sampled signal has been then obtained by using the derived MST and the specific space-shifting property of the LCT. Last, the potential applications of the MST are presented to show the advantage of the theory.     

Depth information extraction with an aperture-rotating camera

This paper focuses on extracting depth information with an aperture-rotating camera. Compared with previous work, the proposed method is applicable for arbitrary rotation angle by making use of pixel registration to get pixel shift angle, and calculating the pixel shift along this angle. Besides, consumption time for shift angle is reduced by means of sampling. Compared with point-by-point method, the proposed method reduces the computation time from about 1 h to 1 min for a 15-megapixel image. Experimental results of a scene named “bottles” show that the depth value has a margin of error of 5%. Proposed method makes it possible to extract depth information with a single camera and expands the application of DSLR camera.     

捷联寻北信号采集系统研究

基于捷联寻北信号采集系统,提出了一种在不同地理纬度下准确获得陀螺数据拟合曲线的方法。首先计算得出了在不同地理纬度下动调陀螺输出的电流大小,根据其变化调整信号采集模块的采样电阻值,设计了基于数字电位器的自调整采样电阻系统;然后数据处理系统根据采集到的陀螺信号自动计算工作地点的地理纬度,自调整采样电阻系统通过地理纬度自动设置采样电阻的阻值,进而获得准确的数据拟合曲线。本方法确保了寻北仪在不同地理纬度时满足寻北精度要求,适应性强,稳定性高。