Modeling of End-Pumped CW Yb:YAG Lasers Exhibiting Non-Uniform Temperature Distribution

A new model on quasi-three-level end-pumped CW Yb:YAG lasers is proposed. The presented model is expected and proved to be more accurate than previously published works on this subject as it is capable of dealing with end-pumped laser systems in the situation that non-uniform longitudinal temperature distribution exists along the laser rod, which is in fact always be true. To illustrate the utility of the derived equations, a diode end-pumped kilowatt class CW Yb:YAG laser is examined. By comparing with the former study, the presented model shows output power reductions of about 15.7 and 8.9% for single- and double-pass pumping geometries, respectively.     

镧在TiO2薄膜中的非均匀掺杂对光催化性能的影响

采用溶胶-凝胶法制备了La^3＋非均匀掺杂的TiO2薄膜。通过对甲基橙的光催化降解实验来评价催化剂薄膜的催化活性，结果表明：La^3＋的掺杂方式对TiO2的催化活性有很大的影响，采用非均匀掺杂方式可以明显提高TiO2的催化活性，掺杂浓度以0．5％（原子分数）为最佳。紫外-可见漫反射光谱鼎示其吸收带边明显红移；电化学行为表明其光生空穴一电子对的形成能力和分离效率得到提高。通过比较太阳能光电池异质结的“窗口效应”理论，初步探讨了La^3＋非均匀掺杂对TiO2的光催化活性的影响机制。     

Exact geometry based quasi-conforming analysis for Euler-Bernoulli beam

The problem of quick analysis using exact geometry data was proposed by Hughes et al. and the isogeometric analysis framework was introduced as a solution. In this letter, the exact geometry concept is combined into the quasi-conforming framework and a novel method, i.e., the exact geometry based quasi-conforming analysis is proposed. In present method the geometry is exactly described by non-uniform rational B-spline bases, while the solution space by traditional polynomial bases. Present method combines the merits of both isogeometric analysis and quasi-conforming finite element method. In this letter Euler-Bernoulli beam problem is solved as an example and the results show that the present method is effective and promising.     

Double UV polymerisation with variable temperature-controllable selective reflection of polymer-stabilised liquid crystal (PSLC) composites

In this study, a method of preparing wide-band reflection cholesteric liquid crystals (CLCs) films by UV-radical polymerisation in combination with UV-cationic polymerisation is proposed. Because the helical twisting power (HTP) of the chiral dopant decreases with increasing temperature and the polymerisation rate of UV-initiated free radical polymerisation is faster than UV-initiated cationic polymerisation, by adjusting the temperature, broadband reflective films with non-uniform pitch distribution are obtained. The fractured surface of the polymer network of the broadband reflective films is observed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), which reveals the presence of non-uniform pitch distribution. In addition, the influences of monomer concentration, UV light intensity and UV curing time on the consequent non-uniform pitch distribution have been studied.     

Non‐Uniform‐Sampling Ultrahigh Resolution TOCSY NMR: Analysis of Complex Mixtures at Microgram Levels

Non‐uniform sampling in combination with homonuclear broadband decoupling along an indirect dimension, and indirect covariance processing are used to record ultrahigh resolution two‐dimensional TOCSY spectra in less than half an hour, for typical sample concentrations in the mm range. TOCSY correlations belonging to protons separated by as little as ≈2 Hz can be distinctly discerned. The utility of the technique for low concentrations has been demonstrated.     

Double-resonant extremely asymmetrical scattering of electromagnetic waves in non-uniform periodic arrays

A new type of Bragg scattering – double-resonant extremely asymmetrical scattering (DEAS) of optical waves in oblique, non-uniform, periodic Bragg arrays is analysed theoretically and numerically. Steady-state DEAS is demonstrated to occur in the extremely asymmetrical geometry where the scattered wave propagates parallel to the front array boundary. The non-uniform array is represented by two joint uniform, strip-like, periodic arrays with different phases (and amplitudes) of the grating. DEAS is characterised by a unique combination of two simultaneous resonances with respect to frequency and phase variation at the interface between the joint arrays. As a result, a strong resonant increase in the scattered wave amplitude compared with the amplitude of the incident wave is predicted and investigated theoretically. The amplitude of the incident wave inside the array is also shown to increase resonantly in the middle of the array where the step-like variation in the phase of the grating takes place. The effect of different widths of the joint arrays, and magnitudes of the grating amplitudes on DEAS is analysed. Physical explanations of this type of scattering, based on the diffractional divergence of the scattered wave from one of the joint arrays into another, are presented.     

基于场景的三通道偏振成像系统的校正方法

基于定标的三通道偏振成像系统的校正方法在对通道响应度非一致性的标定过程中操作繁琐,无法根据实际环境的变化随时校正,影响了三通道偏振成像系统的实用性。为了解决这一问题,提出了一种基于场景的三通道成像系统的校正方法。该方法基于对场景中偏振信息的统计,分离出复杂场景中无偏振性的场景分量,简单快速地修正了各通道的灰度响应差异。实验结果表明：该方法克服了通道响应度非一致性的影响,突出不同材质物体的偏振差异,使三通道偏振成像系统的成像效果接近单通道偏振成像系统水平,极大地提高了系统的实用性。     

Conditions of matrices in discrete tension spline approximations of DMBVP

Some splines can be defined as solutions of differential multi-point boundary value problems (DMBVP). In the numerical treatment of DMBVP, the differential operator is discretized by finite differences. We consider one dimensional discrete hyperbolic tension spline introduced in (Costantini et al. in Adv Comput Math 11:331–354, 1999), and the associated specially structured pentadiagonal linear system. Error in direct methods for the solution of this linear system depends on condition numbers of corresponding matrices. If the chosen mesh is uniform, the system matrix is symmetric and positive definite, and it is easy to compute both, lower and upper bound, for its condition. In the more interesting non-uniform case, matrix is not symmetric, but in some circumstances we can nevertheless find an upper bound on its condition number. This research was supported by Grant 0037114, by the Ministry of Science, Education and Sports of the Republic of Croatia.     

采用非均匀有理B样条曲面延展光学元件面形误差

在离子束抛光工艺中,为了提高驻留时间求解算法在工件边缘处的求解精度,通常需要对原始面形误差数据进行边缘虚拟延展。要求原始面形误差数据与虚拟延展面光滑拼接,并在延展区域具有可控的不确定性。非均匀有理B样条(NURBS)曲面常用在机械制造领域对复杂形状物体进行三维建模。引入非均匀有理B样条曲面并结合泽尼克(Zernike)多项式拟合对一典型的圆形光学元件面形误差自由曲面数据进行延展。通过对典型面形误差曲面延展前后的等效功率谱密度曲线分析可以看出,延展后在面形误差频率大于0.05mm-1时其面形误差改善量均大于70%;将该典型延展面应用于特定驻留时间求解算法中,使得预测加工精度的均方根值由1.18nm改善至0.19nm。这表明,采用非均匀有理B样条曲面延展光学元件面形误差能够获得光滑拼接的虚拟延展曲面,并能大大改善离子束抛光工艺中驻留时间算法的求解精度。     

径向非均匀磁场下的磁控管工作性能模拟

为了改善磁控管的输出频谱,使模拟结构更接近实际情况,考虑了磁钢和极靴的实际尺寸。用MAFIA对磁控管内的磁系统进行建模和模拟。得到的磁场纵向分布有随着径向半径的增大而增大的趋势,这种径向不均匀性与实验测试结果一致。将非均匀的径向阶梯形变化磁场分布带入腔体热测计算,模拟得到的π模工作频率2.437 GHz,实际工作频率2.450 GHz,相对偏差0.5%,并在高频谐波的抑制上获得了输出频谱的显著改善,使微波炉磁控管具有更好的电磁防护和实际应用。