基于发射光谱及成分分析的激光除漆机理研究

基于激光诱导击穿光谱和X射线能谱技术,测量了激光与油漆作用时发射光谱及作用前后元素成分的变化,以此研究了激光除漆的机理。实验测量了不同纳秒激光能量下激光诱导击穿油漆表面的光谱,计算了等离子体的电子密度和温度。通过扫描电子显微镜对油漆烧蚀形貌进行了分析,采用X射线能谱仪测量了烧蚀前后油漆成分的变化。研究结果表明,等离子体电子密度、温度以及烧蚀区域大小都随着入射激光能量的增加逐渐增加。在激光作用前后油漆中碳(C)含量明显降低,原子百分比从78.25%降低到67.07%,说明激光与油漆作用过程中发生了烧蚀。通过对比钛(Ti)元素、C元素和铝(Al)元素的相对原子比例,表明更高的激光能量下油漆烧蚀的更剧烈。该工作对深入研究激光除漆机理有重要意义。     

基于太赫兹时域光谱技术与PCA-BPN网络的转基因大豆鉴别

基于太赫兹波段内的光谱分析技术以及主成分特性分析与反向前馈神经网络建模,提出了一种转基因大豆鉴别方法.从光谱数据中提取累计方差贡献率达到97.582％的前8种主成分因子,并将其作为输入源导入神经网络模型,通过剔除冗余数据、降低数据维数,所建立的神经网络模型能准确识别校验集.该方法可以实现转基因大豆的快速、无损检测,在农业安全领域有广泛的应用前景.     

环形线负载驱动变曲率反射镜技术

从薄板弹性理论出发,对可实现曲率变化的环形线负载驱动模型进行分析,给出了基于该模型的大镜厚比变曲率反射镜的形变方程.以较小的驱动力实现较大的中心形变为目标,利用MATLAB软件对不同反射镜厚度、驱动环半径下的反射镜形变情况进行模拟计算,结果表明,反射镜厚度范围在2~4 mm之间、驱动环半径数值在反射镜有效半径1/2处最佳.以此为依据,设计并研制了口径为100 mm、厚度为3 mm的铍青铜环形线负载驱动变曲率反射镜结构及原型样片,给出了变曲率反射镜整体结构前10阶的振动模态分析结果.完成装配后,反射镜原型样片的面形精度接近λ/30(λ为波长).对该结构进行极限曲率变化和面形精度保持的验证实验,通过对变曲率反射镜结构进行改进,环形线负载驱动能够实现超过30个波长(632.8 nm)的中心形变,且面形精度的变化与反射镜中心矢高的变化呈弱相关.     

Synthesis methods of multiple phase-cycled SSFP images to reduce the band artifact and noise more reliably

The band artifact in steady-state free precession can be reduced by synthesizing the multiple images obtained through different phase increments of successive radiofrequency pulses. Even though the complex summation method was reported to be effective in reducing the band artifact, it has the pitfalls of intensity abnormality and sensitivity to the phase abnormality. Two new methods have been developed for more reliable reduction of the band artifact than the complex summation method. One method is to sum the complex images partially and to take the maximum intensity of the partially summed images. The other method is to sum the free induction decay (FID) and primary echo components of the Fourier series that are obtained through Fourier analysis of the complex base images. Both proposed methods were compared with other magnitude (maximum intensity projection, spectrally decomposed synthesis, sum-of-squares, nonlinear averaging) and complex-based (complex summation, magnitude-weighted complex summation) methods experimentally at 3 T for the phantom and volunteer's head imaging. Both proposed methods were confirmed to maintain the advantage of the complex summation in reducing both the dark and bright band artifacts while reducing the intensity abnormality and sensitivity to the phase abnormality from that of the complex summation method over a wide range of flip angles and relaxation times.     

EMD时频分析拉曼光谱和近红外光谱

用时频方法分析拉曼光谱和近红外光谱。经验模态分解光谱成为特征模态分量,模态分量比重计算显示拉曼光谱能量均匀分布于各个分量,而近红外光谱的低阶特征模态分量只承载了较少的原光谱有效信息。真实光谱和数值实验均显示,经验模态分解视拉曼光谱为调幅信号,具有高频能量吸附特性; 视近红外光谱为调频信号,在一阶特征模态分量中可以较好实现高频窄带解调。一阶特征模态分量希尔伯特变换显示,经验模态分解拉曼光谱时易出现模态混叠现象。进一步在时频域分析玉米叶片近红外光谱,经验模态分解后截掉低能量的一、二阶分量,用剩余特征模态分量重构光谱信号,均方根误差为1.001 1,相关系数为0.981 3,两个指标反映出重构精度较高; 分解趋势项表明在近红外光波段,吸光度随着波长的减小呈现递增趋势; 特征模态分量的希尔伯特变换显示,657 cm-1是碱胁迫光谱特有频率,可作为碱胁迫光谱特征频率来辨识。     

一种基于热释电效应的X射线荧光分析谱仪

利用热释电晶体实现了一个X射线激发源,并以此激发源和高能量分辨率的硅漂移探测器构建了一个X射线荧光分析谱仪。首先通过分析计算热释电晶体厚度和靶厚度对产生X射线的影响选定了激发源的设计参数;然后测量了激发源发射的X射线本底,其能量范围在1～27 keV,包含有Cu和Ta的特征X射线,最大强度在每秒3 000个计数以上,对本底的测量同时显示出谱仪的探测器部分对Cu的8.05 keV特征峰的分辨率达到210 eV,具有很高的能量分辨率;最后使用该谱仪测试了Fe,Ti和Cr等三种单质样品和高钛玄武岩样品,测试结果表明该谱仪可以有效的分析出样品的元素成分。由于这种X射线荧光分析谱仪的各组成部分体积都很小,进一步便携化后非常适合于非破坏、现场和快速的元素分析场合。     

Concurrent sympathetic activation and vagal withdrawal in hyperthyroidism: Evidence from detrended fluctuation analysis of heart rate variability

Despite many previous studies on the association between hyperthyroidism and the hyperadrenergic state, controversies still exist. Detrended fluctuation analysis (DFA) is a well recognized method in the nonlinear analysis of heart rate variability (HRV), and it has physiological significance related to the autonomic nervous system. In particular, an increased short-term scaling exponent α1 calculated from DFA is associated with both increased sympathetic activity and decreased vagal activity. No study has investigated the DFA of HRV in hyperthyroidism. This study was designed to assess the sympathovagal balance in hyperthyroidism. We performed the DFA along with the linear analysis of HRV in 36 hyperthyroid Graves’ disease patients (32 females and 4 males; age 30 ± 1 years, means ± SE) and 36 normal controls matched by sex, age and body mass index. Compared with the normal controls, the hyperthyroid patients revealed a significant increase (P<0.001) in α1 (hyperthyroid 1.28±0.04 versus control 0.91±0.02), long-term scaling exponent , overall scaling exponent , low frequency power in normalized units (LF%) and the ratio of low frequency power to high frequency power (LF/HF); and a significant decrease (P<0.001) in the standard deviation of the R-R intervals (SDNN) and high frequency power (HF). In conclusion, hyperthyroidism is characterized by concurrent sympathetic activation and vagal withdrawal. This sympathovagal imbalance state in hyperthyroidism helps to explain the higher prevalence of atrial fibrillation and exercise intolerance among hyperthyroid patients.     

Performance of a four‐element Si drift detector for X‐ray absorption fine‐structure spectroscopy: resolution, maximum count rate,and dead‐time correction with incorporation into the ATHENA data analysis software

The performance of a four‐element Si drift detector for energy‐dispersive fluorescence‐yield X‐ray absorption fine‐structure measurements is reported, operating at the National Institute of Standards and Technology beamline X23A2 at the National Synchrotron Light Source. The detector can acquire X‐ray absorption fine‐structure spectra with a throughput exceeding 4 × 10⁵ counts per second per detector element (>1.6 × 10⁶ total counts per second summed over all four channels). At this count rate the resolution at 6 keV is approximately 220 eV, which adequately resolves the Mn Kα and Kβ fluorescence lines. Accurate dead‐time correction is demonstrated, and it has been incorporated into the ATHENA data analysis program. To maintain counting efficiency and high signal to background, it is suggested that the incoming count rate should not exceed ～70% of the maximum throughput.     

城市河网尺度的水体光谱指数适宜性分析研究

城市地表水是城市生态环境的重要组成部分,地表水环境高光谱遥感是高光谱遥感的重要应用方向,水体提取是地表水环境高光谱遥感的第一步,其主要任务是从高光谱遥感数据中提取地表水水体轮廓。基于光谱指数的水体提取方法充分利用光谱信息,计算简单,实现容易,提取效果优异。归一化植被指数(NDVI)、归一化水体指数(NDWI)、高光谱差异化水体指数(HDWI)和基于指数的水体指数(IWI)等光谱指数已经广泛应用于湖泊、大江大河等开阔水体提取。近些年来,随着成像光谱技术的发展,高光谱遥感数据的获取能力也突飞猛进,空间分辨率和光谱分辨率不断提高。与江河湖基本在流域内沿地形分布不同,城市地表水一般细小,纵横交错,形成河网。在高光谱遥感数据用于城市体表水提取时,其面临的图像空间分辨率、地物类型和地物复杂等,与江河湖水体提取有很大不同。因此,需要对这些常用的光谱指数在城市地表水提取中的适宜性进行评价。以此做为出发点和目标,以河网密布的江南水乡中国浙江省嘉兴市为研究对象,以应用型航空成像光谱仪(Airborne imaging spectrometer for applications, AISA)获取的高空间分辨率机载高光谱遥感数据为数据源,通过Youden指数确定最佳阈值,将总体分类精度、错分误差、漏分误差、Kappa系数作为衡量指标,分析评价了NDVI,NDWI,HDWI和IWI 4种光谱指数在城市河网提取中的适宜性。结果表明,阴影与水体光谱变化趋势类似,是造成水体提取过程中高错分误差的主要因素。四种指数都可以准确抑制落在植被中的阴影,但无法有效抑制落在建筑物中的阴影。HDWI虽然可以在一定程度上抑制建筑物中的阴影,但是无法有效地抑制亮建筑物背景。通过对不同类型水体和阴影（笼罩下地物）光谱的进一步分析,虽然水体和阴影光谱曲线变化趋势相似,均在560～600 nm附近存在波峰,但是水体和阴影波峰高度存在差异,水体波峰值较大而阴影波峰值较低。因此,通过充分挖掘水体和阴影在560～600 nm处光谱反射信息,有望进一步抑制建筑物阴影,提高城市河网水体提取精度。