Gas Evolution from the Pyrolysis of Jordan Oil Shale in A Fixed-bed Reactor

Jordan oil shale from El-Lajjun deposit was pyrolysed in a fixed-bed pyrolysis reactor and the influence of the pyrolysis temperature between 400 to 620°C and the influence of the pyrolysis atmosphere using nitrogen and nitrogen/steam on the product yield and gas composition were investigated. The gases analysed were H₂, CO, CO₂ and hydrocarbons from C₁ to C₄. The results showed for both nitrogen and nitrogen/steam that increase the pyrolysis bed temperature from 400 to 520°C resulted in a significant increase in the oil yield, after which temperature the oil yield decreased. The alkene/alkane ratio including ethene/ethane, propene/propane, and butene/butane ratios, can be used as an indication of pyrolysis temperature and the magnitude of cracking reactions. Increasing alkene/alkane ratio occurring with increasing pyrolysis temperature. The alkene/alkane ratio for nitrogen/steam pyrolysis atmosphere was lower than the one found under nitrogen atmosphere. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

炸药爆轰产物液氮、液氦和水状态方程研究

 使用修正的WCA状态方程和Ross变分微扰理论研究了炸药爆轰产物（液氮、液氦和水）的冲击压缩特性,并利用exp-6形式的势函数计算分子间相互作用贡献的自由能。研究和计算经验表明,在研究高温高密度条件下液体的冲击压缩特性时,分子间多体相互作用十分重要,多体作用的结果是软化了两体相互作用势。     

Ashing of Organic Compounds with Spray-Type Plasma Reactor at Atmospheric Pressure

We examined the ashing treatment at atmospheric pressure by means of three spray-type reactors fed with O₂/He or O₂/Ar mixture gases. These differed in the size or the shape of their nozzles. Such reactors were able to ash an organic compound (OFPR-800; a photoresist) even at atmospheric pressure. The results showed that the following procedures are important for increasing the ashing rate: to make the gas speed after blowing out fast; to decrease the O₂ content while increasing the gas speed; and to use a gas mixture which has a slow decay rate of the active species, such as the oxygen radicals. Especially, when we used O₂/Ar mixture gas for the ashing treatment, the ashing rate became quite fast and was as fast as that of a general low pressure glow plasma.     

Spectropolarization investigations of the region of the cathode drop in the potential of a helium glow discharge at atmospheric pressure

The dimensions of the region of the cathode drop in potential in a helium glow discharge at atmospheric pressure (in Kiselevskii’s plasma source) are determined. Using Stark spectroscopy of the Balmer-series hydrogen line H_β the spatial distribution of the constant and variable components of the electric-field strength is measured. Institute of Molecular and Atomic Physics, National Academy of Sciences of Belarus, 70, F. Skorina Ave., Minsk, 220072, Belarus. Translated from Zhurnal Prikladnoi Spektroskopii, Vol. 66, No. 3, pp. 362–368, May–June, 1999.     

近红外光谱的河蟹新鲜度快速检测研究

河蟹的新鲜度是大多数消费者在购买时所考虑的最重要的因素,挥发性盐基氮(TVB-N)是当前国际通用的评价肉类新鲜度的指标,但其检测工序繁琐、耗费时间长,无法满足当前市场对河蟹新鲜度评价的迫切需求。因此,建立一种快速检测河蟹新鲜度的方法是当前急需解决的一大难题。将购于水产市场的河蟹,采用聚乙烯充氧袋快速运至实验室,样本数共126只。在洁净的工作台上处理后,将螃蟹分为42个实验样品,每个样品3只鲜活螃蟹;42个实验样品放在低温4℃的恒温生化培养箱中贮藏,每天从培养箱中按时取出6个螃蟹样品进行光谱数据采集及新鲜度指标TVB-N的测定,历时7 d。采用近红外光谱(NIRS)对贮藏在不同时间下的河蟹新鲜度进行评价,使用挥发性盐基氮(TVB-N)作为评价河蟹新鲜度的指标,首先通过比较经五折交叉验证(5-fold CrossValidation)算法、 kennard-stone(KS)算法、光谱-理化值共生距离(SPXY)算法三种样本划分方法处理后所建模型的预测效果确定最优样本划分方法,最终采用五折交叉验证(5-fold CrossValidation)算法对样本进行划分。其中的32个样品被划分为训练集进行模型构建,其余的10个样品被划分为测试集用于模型检验。然后在经过五折交叉验证法对样本进行划分的基础上,分别采用小波变换(WT)、 Savitzky-Golay平滑、一阶导数法(Db1)、二阶导数法(Db2)这4种单一算法以及小波变换(WT)与Savitzky-Golay平滑相结合的算法进行预处理,通过比较预处理后所建模型的预测效果,确定了小波变换(WT)预处理为最优光谱预处理方法,从而消除了光谱中的无用信息并提高了信噪比。再次,在WT预处理的基础上,分别采用主成分分析(PCA)法和连续投影(SPA)算法提取光谱特征波段,通过建模比较确定主成分分析(PCA)法为最优波长选择方法,以所选的16个特征波长作为模型的输入,不仅提高了模型的运行速度还可以提高模型的稳定性。最后,在经过PCA特征提取后,分别采用偏最小二乘回归(PLSR)算法和多元线性回归(MLR)算法构建TVB-N定量预测模型,通过比较两种模型的预测效果,确定了偏最小二乘回归(PLSR)模型为最优建模方法,最终确定的最优模型为基于WT-PCA-PLSR建立的模型,模型预测决定系数R^2为0.89,预测均方根误差RMSEP为3.00。综上所述,所建立的预测模型具有较高的精度,可以实现对河蟹新鲜度的快速检测,具有较好的市场应用前景。     

氮-磷共掺杂石墨烯量子点制备及荧光特性

为了制备氮-磷共掺杂石墨烯量子点(N,P-GQDs)以探索其荧光性质的可调性,我们采用水热法以柠檬酸为碳源,六氯三聚磷腈为氮源、磷源,制备出了蓝色光致发光的氮-磷共掺杂石墨烯量子点(N,P-GQDs)。通过一些测试表征可以发现:制备的N,P-GQDs尺寸分布均匀,其横向平均尺寸约4.8 nm,晶格间距为0.24 nm,纵向平均厚度约0.95 nm。在光学性能测试中,观察到N,P-GQDs的荧光发射光谱对激发波长具有强的依赖性,其对可见光表现为较强的吸收性。通过量子产率公式计算得出N,P-GQDs的量子产率为10.4%。所制备出的N,P-GQDs具有优异的抗漂白能力及光学稳定性。通过调节样品的稀释浓度比例对N,P-GQDs的荧光性质的可调性进行研究,发现随着稀释倍数的增加,荧光强度先增加后下降。此外,发现制备的N,P-GQDs对Fe 3+产生强烈的复合作用,使N,P-GQDs荧光猝灭,由此建立了Fe 3+的传感分析方法。     

非金属掺杂改性TiO2光催化剂的机理

为了扩展TiO2光催化剂对可见光的利用,以非金属元素对其进行掺杂和改性是近年来很活跃的研究内容,文献报道主要有氮、碳、硫、氟等非金属元素的改性结果.各种不同的改性方法如高温气氛还原、脉冲激光沉积、离子溅射、机械化学、溶液湿法等都可以得到非金属元素改性.本文重点探讨了氮改性TiO2光催化剂的结果,氮改性TiO2的方法和改性机理,讨论了氮改性TiO2的结构及其对可见光的利用机理等,对碳、硫、氟等元素掺杂改性也作了简要介绍.     

具可见光活性的氮掺杂二氧化钛光催化剂

以氮掺杂为代表的非金属掺杂型TiO₂光催化剂被誉为“第二代光催化材料”。本文首先系统评述了氮掺杂二氧化钛的制备方法,然后详细阐述了在N掺杂TiO₂研究中关于其可见光活性机制以及掺杂N在TiO₂晶格中的存在状态等方面的争议。N掺杂TiO₂粉末的制备方法主要有氨气气氛下的热处理工艺、水解沉淀法、溶胶－凝胶法以及机械化学法等;N掺杂TiO₂薄膜的制备方法主要包括磁控溅射法、脉冲激光沉积法以及金属有机化学气相沉积法等。已提出的关于N掺杂TiO₂可见光活性机制的观点有N2P与O2P能级相杂化、形成N 2p孤立能态、氧空位的作用以及具顺磁性特征的杂质敏化。关于掺杂N在TiO₂晶格中存在状态的分歧在于XPS N 1s谱中特征峰的位置及其归属的解析。文章最后指出了氮掺杂二氧化钛催化剂研究中有待解决的问题及今后的发展方向。     

配位氮分子和过渡金属氢化物反应的研究——Ⅲ.[Ti(O-i-Pr)_4—NaNp—N_2],trans-[Mo(N_2)_2(PMePh_2)_4]和trans-[Pt(H)Cl(PPh_3)_2]的反应

采用质子酸对稳定分子氮络合物进行还原质子化反应的研究,从1975年Chatt的工作算起,已有8年的历史了,深入的工作仍在继续进行中。1979年我们采用了金属氢化物既可作为氢源、又可当作还原剂,开展了与稳定及不稳定分子氮络合物反应的研究,并取得了一些初步有趣的结果。采用的分子氮络合物有[Mo(N_2)_2(dppe)_2](Ⅰ)和[Ti(O-i-Pr)_4—NaNp—N_2](Ⅱ)固氮体系。金属氢化物有NaFeH(CO)_4(Ⅲ),H_2Fe(CO)_4,(η~5-C_5H_5)_2ZrH_2和(η~5-C_5H_5)_2Zr(H)C1。实验结     

Synthesis and Crystal Structure of a Dinuclear Cu(Ⅱ) Complex [Cu(C13H9N2O)Cl]2·(CH3CN)2 with Ligand 2-Benzimidazol

A new dinuclear copper complex, [Cu(C13H9N2O)Cl]2·(CH3CN)2 (C30H24Cl2Cu2N6O2),has been synthesized and characterized by X-ray structure determination. It crystallizes in the triclinic system, space group P1-, with a = 7.6677(14), b = 9.2375(17), c = 11.227(2) (A), α = 81.338(3),β= 88.173(4), γ = 66.199(3)°, V = 718.9(2) (A)3, Z = 1, Mr = 698.53, F(000) = 354, Dc = 1.613 g/cm3,μ(MoKα) = 1.705 mm-1, the final R = 0.0645 and wR = 0.1364 for 2474 unique reflections with 1809 observed ones (I＞ 2σ(Ⅰ)). In the title complex, each copper(Ⅱ) atom is located at the center of a distorted tetrahedron consisting of four coordinate atoms (one nitrogen atom, two oxygen anions,and one chlorine atom). Two copper(Ⅱ) atoms are bridged by two oxygen anions (O(1) and O(1a)) of two phenolates to form a Cu(Ⅱ)-Cu(Ⅱ) binuclear entity, and the distance between two copper(Ⅱ)atoms is 3.0144(15) (A).