铜铁镁三掺铌酸锂晶体的第一性原理研究

利用基于密度泛函理论的第一性原理,研究了Cu:Fe:Mg:LiNbO3晶体及对比组的电子结构和光学特性.研究显示,单掺铜或铁铌酸锂晶体的杂质能级分别由Cu 3d轨道或Fe 3d轨道贡献,禁带宽度分别为3.45和3.42 eV;铜、铁共掺铌酸锂晶体杂质能级由Cu和Fe的3d轨道共同贡献,禁带宽度为3.24 eV,吸收峰分别在3.01,2.53和1.36 eV处;Cu:Fe:Mg:LiNbO3晶体中Mg^2+浓度低于阈值或高于阈值(阈值约为6.0 mol%)的禁带宽度分别为2.89 eV或3.30 eV,吸收峰分别位于2.45 eV,1.89 eV或2.89 eV,2.59 eV,2.24 eV.Mg^2+浓度高于阈值,会使吸收边较低于阈值情况红移;并使得部分Fe^3+占Nb位,引起晶体场改变,从而改变吸收峰位置和强度.双光存储应用中可选取2.9 eV作为擦除光,2.5 eV作为读取和写入光,选取Mg^2+浓度达到阈值的三掺晶体在增加动态范围和灵敏度等参量以及优化再现图像的质量等方面更具优势.     

La和Zn掺杂铌酸铋的光催化降解性能及其机理

用化学共沉淀法制备了镧和锌掺杂的铌酸铋纳米颗粒,表征了制备样品的微观结构和光催化降解性能。结果表明制备的样品对RhB表现出良好的可见光催化降解活性,且光催化效果受各种因素的影响。其中,Bi_0.96La_0.04NbO₄用量为0.15 g时,对pH=4、50 mL浓度为5 mg·L^-1 RhB溶液的光催化效果最佳。光催化机理研究表明催化剂在可见光照射下产生的电子空穴对RhB的降解起主要作用。该催化剂的制备方法简单、光催化性能稳定,5次循环后的活性仍大于95%。     

铌酸锂钠钾纳米粉体的溶胶-凝胶法合成及其相转变

采用化学络合法将Nb2O5转化为可溶性铌盐作为铌源, 用溶胶-凝胶法, 在500～650 ℃成功煅烧合成了平均晶粒尺寸为20～60 nm的纯钙钛矿相铌酸锂钠钾[(Li0.06Na0.47K0.47)NbO3]无铅压电陶瓷粉体. 研究了晶粒尺寸对铌酸锂钠钾纳米粉体相结构的影响. 结果表明, 基于纳米尺寸效应, 随着晶粒尺寸由60减小到20 nm, 铌酸锂钠钾粉体的相结构由正交相逐渐过渡到四方相, 而室温下四方相向立方相的转变将发生在20 nm以下.     

Heat capacity, enthalpy and entropy of strontium bismuth niobate and strontium bismuth tantalate

The heat capacities and enthalpy increments of strontium bismuth niobate SrBi₂Nb₂O₉ (SBN) and strontium bismuth tantalate SrBi₂Ta₂O₉ (SBT) were measured by the relaxation method (2–150 K), Calvet-type heat-conduction calorimetry (305–570 K) and drop calorimetry (773–1373 K). The temperature dependences of non-transition heat capacities in the form C_pm = 324.47 + 0.06371T − 5.0755 × 10⁶/T² J K⁻¹ mol⁻¹ (298–1400 K) and C_pm = 320.22 + 0.06451T − 4.7001 × 10⁶/T² J K⁻¹ mol⁻¹ (298–1400 K) were derived for SBN and SBT, respectively, by the least-squares method from the experimental data. Furthermore, the standard molar entropies at 298.15 K S_m°(SBN)=327.15±0.80 and S_m°(SBT)=339.23±0.72 J K⁻¹ mol⁻¹ were evaluated from the low-temperature heat capacity measurements.     

类钙钛矿新铌酸盐Ba5NdTi2Nb3O18的合成、结构与介电特性

为满足现代通信技术的小型化、集成化与高可靠性的迫切要求,探索具有高介电常数、低介电损耗与低温度系数的微波介电材料引起了材料科学、化学、物理、电子等领域科学工作者的广泛关注,并已开发出复合钙钛矿结构Ba(Zn_(1/3)Ta_(2/3))O_3、钨青铜结     

Heat capacity, enthalpy and entropy of strontium niobate Sr2Nb2O7 and calcium niobate Ca2Nb2O7

The heat capacity and the enthalpy increments of strontium niobate Sr₂Nb₂O₇ and calcium niobate Ca₂Nb₂O₇ were measured by the relaxation time method (2–300 K), DSC (260–360 K) and drop calorimetry (720–1370 K). Temperature dependencies of the molar heat capacity in the form C_pm = 248.0 + 0.04350T − 3.948 × 10⁶/T² J K⁻¹ mol⁻¹ for Sr₂Nb₂O₇ and C_pm = 257.2 + 0.03621T − 4.434 × 10⁶/T² J K⁻¹ mol⁻¹ for Ca₂Nb₂O₇ were derived by the least-square method from the experimental data. The molar entropies at 298.15 K, S_m°(298.15 K) = 238.5 ± 1.3 J K⁻¹ mol⁻¹ for Sr₂Nb₂O₇ and S_m°(298.15 K) = 212.4 ± 1.2 J K⁻¹ mol⁻¹ for Ca₂Nb₂O₇, were evaluated from the low-temperature heat capacity measurements.     

Structure and dehydration of layered perovskite niobate with bilayer hydrates prepared by exfoliation/self-assembly process

The crystals of an H-form niobate of HCa₂Nb₃O₁₀·xH₂O (x=0.5) being tetragonal symmetry (space group P4/mbm) with unit cell parameters a=5.4521(6) and c=14.414(2) Å were exfoliated into nanosheets with the triple-layered perovskite structure. The colloid suspension of the nanosheets was put into dialysis membrane tubing and allowed self-assembly in a dilute KCl solution. By this method, a novel layered K-form niobate KCa₂Nb₃O₁₀·xH₂O (x=1.3, typically) with bilayer hydrates in the interlayer was produced. The Rieveld refinement and transmission electron microscope (TEM)/selected-area electron diffraction (SAED) observation indicated that the orientations of the a-/b-axis of each nanosheet as well as the c-axis are uniform, and the self-assembled compound had the same symmetry, tetragonal (P4/mbm) with a=5.453(2) and c=16.876(5) Å, as the H-form precursor; the exfoliation/self-assembly process does not markedly affect the two-dimensional lattice of the layer. The large basal spacing resulted from the interlayer K⁺ ions solvated by two layers of water molecules. The interlayer bilayers-water was gradually changed to monolayer when the temperatures higher than 100 °C, and all the water molecules lost when over 600 °C. Accompanying the dehydration, the crystal structure transformed from tetragonal to orthorhombic symmetry. Water molecules may take an important role for the layer layered compound to adjust the unit cell to tetragonal symmetry.     

Comparative Solution Synthesis of Mn Doped (Na,K)NbO3 Thin Films

(K_0.5Na_0.5)NbO₃ (KNN) is a promising lead-free alternative for ferroelectric thin films such as Pb(Zr,Ti)O₃. One main drawback is its high leakage current density at high electric fields, which has been previously linked to alkali non-stoichiometry. This paper compares three acetate-based chemical solution synthesis and deposition methods for 0.5 mol % Mn-doped KNN film fabrication, using lower crystallization temperature processes in comparison to the sintering temperatures necessary for fabrication of KNN ceramics. This paper shows the crucial role of the A site homogenization step during solution synthesis in preserving alkali chemical homogeneity of Mn doped KNN films. Chemically homogeneous films show a uniform grain size of 80 nm and a leakage current density under 2.8×10⁻⁸ A cm⁻² up to electric fields as high as 600 kV cm⁻¹, which is the highest breakdown strength reported for KNN thin films. Solution synthesis involving two-step pyrolysis resulted in films with dense, columnar microstructures, which are interesting for orientation control and enhancement of piezoelectric properties. This study reports detailed solution synthesis and deposition processes with good dielectric, ferroelectric and breakdown field properties. An optimized fabrication method that should couple low leakage current density with dense and oriented microstructures is proposed.