贫铀球壳中D-T中子诱发的铀反应率的测量与分析

为校验次临界能源堆的概念设计,在R19.4/30.0 cm的贫铀球壳装置上采用活化法开展14 MeV中子学积分实验.布放6片贫铀活化片于球壳中与入射D离子束90°方向上的不同位置处活化,用HPGe探测器测量238U(n,γ)反应、238U(n,f)及235U(n,f)反应和238U(n,2n)各反应产物发射的特征γ射线,得到了相应的反应率.238U(n,γ)反应率的不确定度为3.6％-3.7％,238U(n,D和235U(n,f)反应率的不确定度为5.1％-5.9％,238U(n,2n)反应率的不确定为4.3％-4.7％.用MCNP5程序在ENDF66c数据库下进行模拟计算,238U(n,γ)反应率的计算值/实验值(C/E)为0.972-1.034,238U(n,f)和235U(n,f)反应率的C/E为0.983-1.058,238U(n,2n)反应率的C/E为0.979-1.019.     

乏燃料贮运用铝基碳化硼复合材料的屏蔽性能计算

采用蒙特卡罗方法, 利用MCNP程序计算了在中子能量为0.5–20 MeV, ²³⁵U核热中子裂变源条件下, 厚度为3–9 cm、碳化硼含量5%–15%的铝基碳化硼复合材料在空气、水、200–1400 ppm (1 ppm=10^-6) 硼酸溶液介质中的中子透射系数. 结果表明: B₄C/Al复合材料的透射系数随碳化硼含量和材料厚度的增加而减少, 随中子能量的升高而增大, 而硼酸浓度的改变对中子透射系数影响不大. B₄C/Al复合材料在水中比硼酸中更能发挥其屏蔽效果, 在空气中屏蔽特性显现出“反转”现象, 中子能量高于5 MeV时透射系数几乎没有变化. 在裂变源条件下的B₄C/Al复合材料中子透射系数均比稳定源20 MeV 低. 介质的中子屏蔽效果是硼酸溶液>水> 空气, 水介质的中子透射系数与介质厚度呈指数下降关系, 裂变源和稳定源条件下分别近似为e^-0.71x和e^-0.669x, x为厚度(cm). 关键词： 蒙特卡罗 乏燃料设备 中子吸收材料 4C/Al')" href="#">B₄C/Al     

铝基碳化硼材料中子屏蔽性能的蒙特卡罗模拟

采用蒙特卡罗方法, 运用MCNP4C程序研究了碳化硼含量20%–40%、中子能量200 eV–15 keV、材料厚度0.3–2 cm对B₄C/Al复合材料中子屏蔽性能的影响. 结果表明: 碳化硼含量与中子透射系数呈一次线性下降关系; 同含量的碳化硼, B₄C/Al材料的中子屏蔽效果要大大优于聚乙烯碳化硼材料; 在等厚度条件下, 模拟试样B20等的中子屏蔽效果要优于水、铜、混凝土等常规屏蔽材料; 材料厚度与中子透射系数呈指数下降关系, 且单位厚度的增加对中子透射系数改变很大; 含硼量对热中子透射系数影响很大; 在热中子能区, 中子每单位能量的变化对中子透射系数改变较大; 在慢中子能区, 中子每单位能量的变化对中子透射系数改变很小. 关键词： 中子透射系数 蒙特卡罗 铝基复合材料 碳化硼     

Direct evidence for the magnetic ordering of Nd ions in NdMn2Si2 and NdMn2Ge2 by high resolution inelastic neutron scattering

We have investigated the low energy nuclear spin excitations in NdMn₂Si₂ and NdMn₂Ge₂ by high resolution inelastic neutron scattering. Previous neutron diffraction investigations gave ambiguous results about Nd magnetic ordering at low temperatures. The present element-specific technique gave direct evidence for the magnetic ordering of Nd ions. We found considerable difference in the process of the Nd magnetic ordering at low temperature in NdMn₂Si₂ and NdMn₂Ge₂. Our results are consistent with those of magnetization and recent neutron diffraction measurements.     

轴对称静电场的束流光学模拟与设计

为了对高压倍加器和静电加速器等低能加速器中一些具有特殊结构的轴对称静电元件进行模拟和设计,采用传输矩阵法编写了直流束的束流光学计算程序,并利用该程序对高频离子源预聚焦系统和移动式加速器中子源的束流光学系统进行了模拟和设计。程序将整个轴对称静电场区域看作厚透镜,并均分成若干个小区间,先利用其他电磁场软件计算区域内的轴上电势分布,然后根据该电势分布计算每个小区间内的束流传输情况得到束流的包络曲线。该程序可以用于计算非线性效应可忽略的复杂轴对称静电场中强流和弱流束的传输,且所需计算时间很短。     

The color of langatate crystals and its relationship with composition and optical properties

Langatate crystals grown by the Czochralski method in 〈0001〉 and 〈01 1〉 directions both without subsequent annealing (from colorless to orange crystals) and with vacuum (colorless and pale‐green crystals) and air (orange crystal) annealing have been investigated by neutron diffraction, X‐ray diffraction and optical spectroscopy. The main types of point defects were compared with absorption bands: oxygen vacancies ‐ V_O^•• (0.35‐0.36 µm), the vacancies in the lanthanum position ‐ V_La‴ (0.29‐0.30 µm); the absorption band at 0.48‐0.49 µm is typical for the colored samples. The relationship between the X color coordinate (red component) and the oxygen contents has been obtained. The green color of the sample annealed in vacuum is due to the presence of Ta⁺³ ions in the La(Ta³⁺,Ga)O₃ phase that has the structural and geometric agreement with langatate structure. (© 2012 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)     

Photon diffusion in a relativistically expanding sphere

A relativistically expanding sphere exists ill many explosive astrophysical systelns, including gamma ray bursts, neutron star mergers, and some supernovae. In this paper we investigate the photon diffusion process in a relativistically expanding sphere, which is important for understanding the energetic and radiative characters of the above inentioned explosive systenls. The following contents are discussed in the frame work of special relativity： random walks of photons by scattering witti electrons, photospheres, photon diffusion, and the energy flux density emerging from the surface of the expanding sphere. Some of the results are also applicable to the Universe since the Universe is also a spherical expanding system.     

Frontier applications of electrostatic accelerators

Electrostatic accelerator is a powerflfl tool in many research fields, such as nuclear physics, radiation biology, material science a.rchaeology and earth sciences. Two electrostatic accelerators, one is the single stage Vail de Gi＇aaff with terminal voltage of 4.5 MV and another one is tile EN tamteIn with terminal voltage of 6 MV, were installed in 1980s and had been put into operation since the early 1990s at tile Institute of Heavy Ion Physics. Marly applications have been carried out since then. These two accelerators are described and summaries of the most important applications on neutron physics and technology, radiation biology and material science, as well as accelerator mass spectrometry （AMS） are presented.     

Design and performance analysis of a compact magnetic proton recoil spectrometer for DT neutrons

A magnetic proton recoil (MPR) spectrometer is a novel instrument with superior performance, including high energy resolution, high count rate and good signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) for measurements of neutron spectra from inertial confinement fusion (ICF) experiments and high power Tokomaks. In this work, the design of a compact MPR spectrometer (cMPR) was evaluated for deuteron-tritium (DT) neutron spectroscopy. The characteristics of the spectrometer were analyzed using 2-D beam transport simulations, 3-D particle transport calculations and Monte-Carlo simulations. Based on the theoretical results, an instrument design that satisfies special experimental requirements is proposed. The energy resolution and efficiency of the spectrometer are also evaluated. The results indicate that the proposed cMPR spectrometer would achieve a detection efficiency and energy resolution of approximately 10<'-8> and 4%, respectively, for DT neutrons.     

氘氚源中子穿过聚乙烯样品泄漏中子谱的测量与模拟

采用飞行时间技术测量了氘氚（D-T）源中子穿过不同厚度板状聚乙烯样品后40°方向的泄漏中子时间到达谱,样品的长和宽均为100 cm, 厚度分别为4.5, 9, 18和27 cm。 本底谱测量采用了无样本底测量和无样堵孔本底测量2种方案, 利用MCNP-4C程序模拟了相同实验条件下的泄漏中子时间到达谱, 模拟过程中考虑了源中子的能谱与角分布、脉冲中子束宽度、 探测器的效率以及样品的有效面积。通过比较发现, 采用无样测量谱作为本底时,计算值/实验值（C/E）值大于1, 并且随着样品厚度的增加而偏离1;而本底谱采用无样堵孔测量谱时, C/E小于1, 并且随着样品厚度的增加而接近1。通过对两套本底谱的分析, 并结合蒙特卡罗模拟, 计算求得了相应样品厚度下比较接近实际的本底谱,采用该模拟计算本底谱后,C/E值有了明显的改善。The neutron leakage spectrum were measured at 40° by time of flight method for polyethylene slabs with the thicknesses of 4.5, 9,18 and 27 cm,respectively. The experimental results were compared with the MCNP-4C simulations, which carefully considered many effects, such as the angle and energy distributions of the source neutrons,the width of the beam pulse,the detection efficiency and the effective measured area. The sample out and collimator filled spectra were measured as the background, and the results showed that C/E values were larger than 1 when using the sample out background spectra,but smaller than 1 when using the collimator filled background spectra. Combine these two different background spectra, a new method was used to calculate the background spectrum,and the results have a better agreement with the simulations.