Density profile of spin cast polymethylmethacrylate thin films

The density profiles of polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) thin films on silicon (111) single crystal wafers were investigated via neutron reflectivity measurements. Films were prepared by spin casting PMMA onto silicon wafers from o-xylene solution followed by annealing under vacuum at 90°C for 5 h. A ～45 Å thick layer at the free polymer surface was observed in the as-prepared samples that has a density about half the value of bulk PMMA. After heating above 110°C, this diffuse layer disappeared and the thin film density profile was transformed to one with a sharp free polymer surface. This transition was found to be irreversible. © 1994 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.     

Characterization of polymer materials by scattering techniques,with applications to block copolymers

The application of six techniques—static and dynamic light scattering, small-angle neutron and X-ray scattering, neutron and X-ray reflectivity—to the characterization of polymer materials is summarized. Emphasis is placed on the similarities and differences among the various techniques, and on recent advances in experimental practice. Twelve examples from the recent literature are described, most of which concern block copolymers. A brief introduction to block copolymer properties is also provided.     

雷姆计在屏蔽墙内测量高能中子的修正因子

在中能重离子反应中出射的E_n>20MeV中子在出射总中子中占有相当大的比例,因此,当用雷姆计测量剂量当量时,由于仪器的能量响应,雷姆计的直接读数低于真实的中子剂量当量值,本文从重离子反应出射中子能谱入手,理论上计算了在屏蔽墙内用10in,直径单球雷姆计和标准A-B雷姆计测量41.7MeV/u ¹²C+Fe和100MeV/u ¹²C+C反应出射中子剂量当量的修正因子. 它可以近似应用于中能重离子反应出射中子的剂量当量测量.     

A TEM study of α-phase stability in Zr-2.5 Nb pressure tubes following neutron irradiation (A TEM study of α-phase stability)

The α-phase in Zr-2.5 Nb pressure tubes has been analysed after irradiation with neutrons for temperatures between 523 and 573 K. The α-phase contains Nb in supersaturated solid solution (about 0.5−1 wt% Nb) in the as-fabricated condition. Irradiation results in the formation of small discrete precipitates having diameters of about 5 nm. Energy Dispersive X-ray (EDX) analysis using a scanning transmission electron microscope (STEM) was complicated by the presence of a self-generated X-rays in the irradiated material and by the fact that the precipitates were small relative to the foil thickness (typically 100–200 nm). Techniques developed to measure segregation of impurities at interfaces were employed to show that the precipitates were Nb-rich, their formation being consistent with a decrease in Nb concentration in the matrix.     

Perspectives in neutron physics research

Discovery of the neutron in 1932 by Chadwick ushered in a new era of scientific research and technology. The neutron is endowed with unique properties in its mass, life time, spin and magnetic moment etc and every important property has been used in the study of condensed matter, biological molecules, nuclear forces, stellar objects and other fields. Neutron has a wide range of applications in power production, breeding of fissile fuel, radiography, medicine and others.     

A polarised neutron study of magnetic moment density in Cu2MnAl

A polarised neutron study of the ferromagnetic Heusler alloy Cu₂Mn_0.863Al_1.057 has been made. It has been concluded that the magnetic moment density is primarily situated on the Mn ions. On assigning the Mn-moment value, the observed magnetic form factor is found to be in good agreement with the Mn²⁺ free ion form factor calculated by Watson and Freeman. A slight asphericity has been observed in the moment density. It is estimated that there are about 3% excess 3d-electrons in the Eg states compared to spherical distribution. There is evidence of a very small positive polarisation of the Cu atoms. No appreciable conduction electron polarisation is found.     

Long-range alpha emission inP-wave neutron induced fission of235U

The yield and energy distribution of long-range alpha-particles (lra) emitted from neutron-induced fission of²³⁵U have been measured at neutron energies; thermal, 125±12, 155±11, 185±10, 210±9, 240±9, 365±50 and 480±45 keV. The long-range alpha-particles were detected in cellulose nitrate track detector foils. Results showed an increase of about 50% in the yield at neutron energies in the region 150 keV≤E _n≤220 keV as compared to that of thermal neutrons. A calculation has been carried out to extract thelra to binary fission ratio forp-wave neutron induced fission.     

一种测量次级中子能谱的新方法

采用双飞行时间法创建了一台非常规快中子飞行时间谱仪，排除了用D（d,n)^3He中子源测量8－13MeV能区次级中子双微分截面时源中破裂中子群对次级中子能谱测量的干扰，结合常规快中子飞行时间谱仪的测量，实现了用D（d,n)^3He中子源开展8－13MeV中子能区次级中子双微分截面的测量。     

物理技术在水产养殖中的应用

大量的实验证明，一定剂量的电场、磁场、激光、中子辐射等物理因子对水生生物都有一定的刺激作用，都能在一定程度上促进其生长发育，从而使其产质量提高。文章总结了近十年来物理技术在水产养殖方面的应用及所取得的成果，并对其未来的发展作了初步展望。