Study of optical band gap and carbon cluster sizes formed in 100 MeV Si8+ and 145 MeV Ne6+ ions irradiated polypropylene polymer

A wide variety of material modifications in polymers have been studied by using ion irradiation techniques. Extensive research has focused on to Swift Heavy Ions (MeV’s energy), probably because of good controllability and the large penetration length in polymers. High energy ion irradiation tends to damage polymers significantly by electronic excitation and ionization. It may result into the creation of latent tracks and can also cause formation of radicals such as ablation, sputtering, chain scission and intermolecular cross-linking, creation of triple bonds and unsaturated bonds and loss volatile fragments. Polypropylene polymer films of thickness 50 μm were irradiated to the fluences of 1 × 10¹⁰, 3 × 10¹⁰, 1 × 10¹¹, 3 × 10¹¹, 6 × 10¹¹ and 1 × 10¹² ions/cm² with Si⁸⁺ ions of 100 MeV energy from Pelletron accelerator at Inter University Accelerator Centre (IUAC), New Delhi and Ne⁶⁺ ions of 145 MeV to the fluences of 10⁸, 10¹⁰, 10¹¹, 10¹² and 10¹³ ions/cm³ from Variable Energy Cyclotron Centre, Kolkata. Optical modifications were characterized by UV towards the red end of the spectrum with the increase of the fluence. Value of optical band gap E _g shows a decreasing trend with ion fluence irradiated with both kinds of ions. Cluster size N, the number of carbon atoms per conjugation length increases with increasing ion dose. Cluster size also increases with the increase of electronic stopping power.      

Gas mixture effects on ion‐beam flux characteristics from dense plasma focus device: Investigation by the Vlasov–Maxwell equations and experiments

The Vlasov–Maxwell equations were numerically solved to calculate the ion‐beam flux from the plasma of argon and the plasma of mixtures of argon and neon. Some experiments were performed to measure the ion beam from the Amirkabir plasma focus (APF) device. The calculations have shown that the argon ion‐beam flux peaked up to 1.928 × 10³⁰ ions m^?2 s^?1 at the optimum pressure of 1.866 mbar while the neon‐argon mixture's ion‐beam flux reached a maximum of 4.301 × 10³⁰ ions m^?2 s^?1 for 15% neon admixture at the optimum pressure of 1.866 mbar. The calculated kinetic energy of the ion beam has shown a maximum value of 708.7 J for the mixture of 85% argon‐15% neon at the mentioned optimum pressure.     

238Pu激励下的Ne光谱和Ne2^＋复合离解

应用自制的单光子计算装置系统地测量了２３８Ｐｕ激励下的Ｎｅ光谱，辨认出Ｎｅ谱线３３条，其中３１条与电激盛的结果一致，而６６４．０ｎｍ和７１１．６ｎｍ两条谱线在电激励条件下未见报道。根据原子分子反应静力学原理，对实验得到玻耳兹曼图进行了分析，提出了实现核泵浦Ｎｅ激光的复合离解反转机制。     

等离子体发射检测器在检测高纯氦气中微量氖气的应用

采用等离子发射检测器(PED)和氦离子放电检测器(DID)对重量法制备的氦气中微量氖气进行了检测,对比了微量氖气在两种检测器上的灵敏度和重复性。结果显示,PED对氖气的检测灵敏度较高,氖气含量在0.03~0.3μmol/mol范围与响应值呈良好的线性关系,r2=1.000,检测限小于1 nmol/mol,测定结果的相对偏差小于2%(n=6)。利用大气压离子质谱仪对检测限测试结果进行了验证。采用等离子发射检测器检测氦气中微量氖气的方法,可以降低微量氖气标准物质的定值不确定度,为研制高准确度微量氖气标准物质奠定基础。     

Adsorption of a H2-Ne binary mixture on NaA zeolite

Co-adsorption of hydrogen and neon on NaA zeolite was studied volumetrically at 40 K, 50 K, and 90 K over the pressure range 3–65 kPa. As the adsorption of hydrogen increases at constant pressure, the adsorption of neon linearly decreases through the entire temperature range. The coefficients of displacement of components from the sorption volume were determined. The adsorption selectivity coefficient of H₂ () in the H₂-Ne-NaA system was calculated over the temperature range 35–100 K. The increase in a by a factor of 5 while the temperature decreases by 30 K makes it possible to remove the microimpurities of H₂ from Ne by a cryoadsorption method.Translated fromIzvestiya Akademii Nauk. Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 5, pp. 840–842, May, 1993.     

Experimental investigation on divertor tungsten sputtering with neon seeding in ELMy H-mode plasma in EAST tokamak

Neon (Ne) seeding is used to cool the edge plasma by radiation to protect the divertor tungsten (W) target in the Experimental Advanced Superconducting Tokamak (EAST). The W sputtering in the outer divertor target with Ne seeding is assessed by the divertor visible spectroscopy system. It is observed that the W sputtering flux initially increases with Ne concentration in the divertor despite the decreasing plasma temperature. After reaching a maximum around 25 eV, the W sputtering rate starts to decrease, presenting a suppression effect. The effect on the divertor W sputtering flux and yield due to the competition between the increase of the Ne concentration and the decrease of the plasma temperature is discussed. The results show that enough Ne seeding is essential to effectively reduce the electron temperature and thus to suppress W sputtering. Moreover, ELM suppression is observed when Ne and W impurities enter the core plasma, which could be correlated to the enhanced turbulence transport in the pedestal.     

Investigation of the Early Multiplication Processes of the Glow Discharge Formation in Neon Filled Diode at 1.33 mbar Pressure

The results of the investigation of the glow discharge time and space development in the neon‐filled diode at 1.33 mbar are presented. The glow is of the diffusion type with saturation current value of 0.2 mA. The temporal development of the light intensity, emitted perpendicularly on the diode axis from many different parts of the diode, is registered. Using this temporal development, the spatial development of the emitted light is examined. Electrically registered (by the oscilloscope) the total current through the diode reaches the saturation for 1.5 ms, which corresponds to the classical presumption of the formative time delay. The prebreakdown current is registered measuring the emitted light from diode gap. The investigation of light shows the increase of excitation in the gap at least 3 ms before any significant current has been registered (I < 1 µA). The negative glow appears in the diode gap near the anode and in the next a few milliseconds covers the cathode indicating the presence of the multiplication processes in the diode. The stationary regime in the diode is established for about 10 ms. Using this detection method, three stages of the discharge formation can be easily distinguished. These results indicate that the prebreakdown processes in the diode gap can be associated with the first stage of the breakdown formation. (© 2006 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)     

硼原子掺杂对碳纳米管吸附Ne原子影响的第一性原理计算

采用基于第一性原理的密度泛函理论（DFT）和局域密度近似（LDA）方法,优化计算得到碳纳米管（CNT）,硼原子取代碳原子及其吸附氖原子前后系统的几何结构,能量,电子能带和态密度。结果显示,碳纳米管的能带结构与石墨的层状几何结构相似,能量的变化只在kz=0和kz=0.5平面之间沿着c轴方向出现。B原子取代C原子使价带和导带分别分裂为两个和三个能带。对Ne原子的吸附使价带能量沿着c轴方向升高并导致Fermi面附近的态密度下降。Ne原子的吸附在谷位H最稳定,顶位A其次。C-C间σ键的弯曲使Ne原子吸附在桥位b1比桥位b2处更为稳定。Ne原子在管外的吸附均为放热过程,而管内则为吸热过程。结构分析表明Ne原子对C原子有排斥作用,对B原子却具有吸引作用。B原子取代C原子的位置略凸出于CNT的管壁之外,使Ne原子的吸附能增加。     

Further results on the triple point temperature of pure Ne and Ne

The paper reports further results following the 2010 determinations at INRIM of the triple point temperature of the neon isotopes ²⁰Ne and ²²Ne, obtained on nearly-pure samples sealed in cryogenic cells, carrying an uncertainty much lower than the previous determinations. The further results, performed in the same experimental apparatus with an expanded uncertainty (k ≈ 2) of ≈30 μK for a single cell and ≈50 μK for the comparison of sample pairs, were obtained using the same model of cryogenic metal sealed cell for each sample, and by measuring different samples from the same gas batch of each isotope and from different gas batches showing a different content of isotopic and chemical impurities. The new determinations were intended to check the effect of measuring different samples and the gas batches, and of performing corrections based on different analytical assays for the isotopic and chemical impurities. The new results are in agreement with the previous determinations, confirming, with greater confidence, the value of the temperature difference for the two pure isotopes, 0.14658 K with an expanded uncertainty of 0.00007 K, and the temperature values on ITS-90 24.5422 K for ²⁰Ne and 24.6888 K for ²²Ne, within the larger expanded uncertainty, 0.00032 K, due to the present ambiguity of the ITS-90 definition. These values are also consistent with new determinations published by other laboratories. In addition, the ITS-90 values of INRIM 2010 determinations of T_tp of samples of neon (INRIM Ec2Ne, INRIM E4Ne, PTB Ne12, NPL Ne2) of natural isotopic composition with different ²²Ne amount concentrations are reported, consistent with the values obtained for pure isotopes.     

Neon Color Spreading Promoted by Motion Information

We conducted experiments to investigate the effects of head-motion and object-motion to produce a perception of neon color spreading. Our experimental results indicated that a two-dimensional motion of yellow patches promoted the color spreading. A horizontal head-motion with motion parallax and three-dimensional pictorial depth information together with changing the viewing point stimulated the color spreading even, more than the two-dimensional motion. Thus, motion signals appear to offer useful information for the formation of a subjective contour and/or to activate the filling-in effect needed to generate neon color spreading. We also tested whether there was a difference between the effects of vertical and horizontal motion parallaxes for neon color spreading and found that there was none. This suggests that vertical head motion provides information in depth and surface perception equivalent to horizontal head motion.