聚异戊二烯-丝胶接枝共聚物的合成与性能研究

以异丙苯过氧化氢和四乙烯五胺为氧化还原对引发剂,通过乳液聚合合成了聚异戊二烯接枝丝胶乳液(PL-g-SS),其结构和性能经NMR,TEM及激光粒度分析表征.结果表明:丝胶成功地接枝到聚异戊二烯上;PL-g-SS双亲纳米微球具有明显的PL为核,SS为壳的核壳结构,平均粒径48nm,且粒径分布较为均匀.采用杂凝聚法将PL-...     

“显性”科学本质教学与论证结合对学生科学本质观影响的研究综述*

科学教育文献建议运用“显性”教学提高学生对科学本质的理解,但其有效性仍有待加强。近年来,论证领域的新兴研究表明,学生参与论证对提高他们的科学本质观具有积极的促进作用。为了更好地提高学生的科学本质观,在梳理国际科学本质教育文献的基础上,探讨了“显性”科学本质教学与论证相结合的教学方法的研究脉络、研究方法及影响教学效果的因素。以期为教师进行有效的科学本质教学提供参考和建议,并对未来有关科学本质的有效教学的研究提供基础。     

化学师范生对模型与模型教学认识的调查研究

使用开放性问卷与访谈法，以广东省某师范院校化学师范生为样本，测查了59名化学师范生对模型及其教学认识。结果表明化学师范生对模型性质（尤其是模型暂定性、条件性以及局限性）与模型教学目标（主要表现在模型方法与模型本质）的认识仍有待加强。文末据此对我国化学师范生培养及其研究提出相关建议。     

Endohedral Metallofullerenes: New Structures and Unseen Phenomena

Endohedral metallofullerenes (EMFs), namely fullerenes with metallic species encapsulated inside, represent an ideal platform to investigate metal–metal or metal–carbon interactions at the sub-nanometer scale by means of single-crystal X-ray diffraction (XRD) crystallography. Herein, recent progress in the identification of new structures and unprecedented properties are discussed according to the categories of monometallofullerenes, dimetallofullerenes, carbide clusterfullerenes, and nitride clusterfullerenes. In particular, the dimerization and the cage-isomer dependent oxidation state of the inner metal atom are summarized in terms of pristine monometallofullerenes. Metal–metal bonds involving lanthanide–lanthanides or actinide–actinides are discussed based on both experimental and theoretical studies. The cluster–cage matching and/or mutual selections, as well as the rarely seen M=C double bonds, are discovered in M₂C₂@C_2n, U₂C@C₈₀, M₂TiC@C₈₀, and Ti₃C₃@C₈₀. Subsequently, the geometries of different M₃N clusters in various cages are discussed, revealing size-matching between the internal M₃N cluster and the outer cage induced by the planarity of the cluster. Finally, an outlook regarding the future developments of the molecular structures and applications of EMFs is presented.     

氯化聚烯烃的研究进展

综述了氯化聚烯烃(氯化聚乙烯、氯化聚丙烯、氯化天然橡胶)的制备反应机理、结构、性能、典型工艺及其应用方面的研究进展。     

Trial introduction of a complex potential function for perturbation that causes quantum mechanical transition in a one‐dimensional harmonic oscillator

Some results of computer simulation of the behavior of a one‐dimensional quantum mechanical oscillator are reported in this article. This harmonic oscillator comprises a particle trapped within a hyperbolic potential V(x) = x². Further, a perturbation potential function V′(x, t) was superposed upon the hyperbolic potential in order to induce a quantum mechanical transition. This perturbation function V′(x, t) is a function of both of space and time variables, and is set to represent a wave packet that is enveloped by a Gaussian bell‐shaped curve. A wave that probably has an appropriate wave number and angular frequency was inputted into the expression for the wave packet. In the initial phase, while the harmonic oscillator was allowed to oscillate almost freely, the wave packet was allowed to approach the harmonic oscillator. In the middle phase, the wave packet passes through the harmonic oscillator, affecting the shape of the quantum mechanical wave that represents the physical state of the system. In the last phase, when the wave packet left the system of the harmonic oscillator, the system settled onto an energetically stable state. The main objective of the simulation was to simulate the instance of a quantum mechanical transition from one eigenstate to another. After several trials, it was found that the perturbation function consisting of a complex function was, at least superficially, able to cause one desired transition, that is, a transition from one eigenstate to another eigenstate. By using such a complex perturbation function, a transition from the first excited state to the ground state was observed to occur. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Quantum Chem, 2004     

电磁场统一性质的三维描述

论述了电场与磁场本质上的统一性质,构造了三维空间中电磁场的统一场量,给出它的方程、场量的模方与能量和动量的关系,发现三维空间中的统一场量自身的标积竟然是相对论变换下的不变量．     

Short range correlations between nucleons in finite nuclei

The short-range correlation between nucleons in finite nuclei is investigated in high energy protonnucleus and α-nucleus elastic scattering in the framework of Glauber multiple scattering theory without any free parameters. The effects on the p-4He and 4He-12C elastic scattering, and in particular on the proton elastic scattering off hallo-like nuclei, 6,8He, are estimated. Our calculations show that the short-range correlations play an important role in reproducing experimental data and could be also thought of as being possible origin and nature of halo-like phenomena in the nuclear structure. More accurate calculations along this line are needed.     

改革开放以来我国高中化学教科书中科学家内容的变迁与启示*

教科书中科学家内容是增进学生化学学科理解、加强科学本质教育、发展科学素养的重要载体。从数量、呈现位置、呈现内容等维度分析改革开放以来5套典型高中化学教科书中的科学家内容,总结我国高中化学教科书中科学家内容变迁的特点,挖掘其中的教育价值,以期对教科书中科学家内容的编写和化学教学有所启迪。     

A STATISTICAL INVESTIGATION OF FATIGUE CRACK INITIATION AND GROWTH PROCESS BASED UPON A LARGE SAMPLE SIZE EXPERIMENT

After finishing 102 replicate constant amplitude crack initiation and growth tests onLyl2-CZ aluminum alloy plate,a statistical investigation of the fatigue crack initiation and growthprocess is conducted in this paper.According to the post-mortem fractographic examination by scan-ning electron microscopy (SEM),some qualitative observations of the spacial correlation among fa-tigue striations are developed to reveal the statistical nature of material intrinsic inhomogeneity duringthe crack growth process.From the test data,an engineering division between crack initiation andgrowth is defined as the upper limit of small crack.The distributions of crack initiation life N.,growthlife N,and the statistical characteristics of crack growth rate da/dN are also investigated.It is hopedthat the work will provide a solid test basis for the study of probabilistic fatigue,probabilistic fracturemechanics,fatigue reliability and its engineering applications.