Low Temperature Sol-Gel Preparation of Nanocrystalline TiO2 Thin Films

TiO₂ nanocrystalline thin films with varying degree of porosity have been prepared using a low temperature method. TiO₂ films of the anatase form have been obtained by using a polyethylene glycol (PEG) modified sol-gel method. Densification and crystallization of the films was found to result from the thermal treatment of the dip coated films in boiling water. The films have been characterized by Raman, XRD, FTIR, AFM and optical methods. Highly transparent films with transmission in excess of 85% and porosity as high as 58% are formed predominantly of anatase crystallites of dimensions of the order of 5 nm. Initial results on lithium intercalation into these films resulting in an efficient optical modulation in the visible and near infrared regions demonstrate a good potential of these films for electrochromic applications.     

两种菁类染料复合敏化TiO_2纳米晶电极的光电化学研究

应用光电化学方法研究了两种菁类染料Cy3和Cy5复合敏化TiO2纳米晶电极的光电化学行为.结合两种染料的紫外-可见光谱和循环伏安曲线,确定了Cy3和Cy5的电子基态和激发态能级位置.结果表明两种染料的激发态能级位置能与TiO2纳米粒子导带边位置相匹配,复合敏化可以显著提高TiO2纳米晶的光电流,使TiO2纳米晶电极吸收波长由紫外光区红移至可见光区和近红外区.复合敏化降低了染料Cy3 在电极吸附时的聚集程度,使其单色光的转换效率(IPCE)提高了169%,复合敏化电极总的光电转换效率η为2.09%,分别是Cy3和Cy5单独敏化时光电转换效率的2.069 和1.229倍.     

InOOH纳米晶的控制合成及其液相光催化性能

以硝酸铟作为前驱体,在蒸馏水和乙二胺的混合溶剂中制备出了InOOH纳米晶,详细地考察了反应溶剂及温度对终产物的影响。利用X射线粉末衍射(XRD)、紫外-可见漫反射光谱(UV-Vis DRS)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)和透射电镜(TEM)对样品的晶相结构、光吸收性质及其形貌进行了详细的表征。考察了样品在紫外光下及可见光下对液相中的染料罗丹明B(RhB)的光催化降解性能。发现InOOH在紫外光下可以彻底分解RhB,而在可见光下只能使RhB脱色。InOOH在紫外光和可见光下对RhB的分解遵循两种不同的反应机制。     

高效光催化活性钠米农药制剂的制备

采用钛酸丁酯水解法制备出直径约为20 nm的纳米TiO2,并用钛酸丁酯对其进行改性。研究表明TiO2与硬脂酸事实上通过化学键键合,由亲水性变为亲油性。文中还提出了三种制备TiO2复合纳米农药制剂的方案,并探讨了几种TiO2复合纳米农药制剂在不同条件下的光催化降解率。结果表明,采用钛酸丁酯为原料直接在农药乳油中原位生成的TiO2复合纳米农药制剂与原农药性状保持基本一致,光催化降解率最大。     

纳米结构ZnO在TiO_2薄膜上的电化学沉积及其表征

在三电极体系中,以硝酸锌水溶液作为电解液,采用阴极还原电沉积法成功实现了一维纳米结构ZnO阵列在TiO2纳米粒子/ITO导电玻璃薄膜基底上的沉积,并通过XRD、SEM、EDS和PL光谱等方法对样品进行了表征.重点研究了薄膜基底、电解液浓度、沉积时间、六次亚甲基四胺(HMT)的引入对ZnO沉积及其发光性质的影响.结果显示:与ITO玻璃基底相比,ZnO更易于在TiO2纳米粒子薄膜上实现电化学沉积.ZnO属于六方晶系的铅锌矿结构,并且沿着c-轴方向表现出明显的择优化生长,以形成垂直于基底的ZnO纳米棒阵列.延长沉积时间、增加电解液浓度和引入一定量的HMT等均对ZnO的生长有促进作用,进而使其纳米棒的结晶度和取向程度提高,进而解释了所得的薄膜分别约在375和520nm处表现出ZnO的强而窄的带边紫外光发射峰和弱而宽的表面态绿光发射带.     

Tin oxide coating on polytetrafluoroethylene films in aqueous solutions

Polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) films were successfully coated with tin oxide in aqueous solutions. Tin oxide was crystallized in the solution and formed nanocrystal coatings on the polymer films. The coatings consisted of SnO₂ and SnO crystals. They were assemblies of tin oxide nanosheet of about 10 to 50 nm in size and about 5 nm in thickness. The nanocrystal films can be exfoliated from the PTFE substrates. Tin oxide nanocrystal films had a rough liquid surface and a dense substrate‐side surface. Transparency of PTFE films coated with tin oxide was same as that of bare PTFE films in the range from 400 to 800 nm. The PTFE films coated with tin oxide nanocrystals can be pasted on desired substrates. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Studies on the interfacial charge transfer processes of nanocrystalline CdSe thin film electrodes by intensity modulated photocurrent spectroscopy

Interfacial charge transfer kinetics of the nanocrystalline CdSe thin film electrodes have been studied in sodium polysulfide solutions by intensity modulated photocurrent spectroscopy (IMPS). The interfacial direct and indirect charge transfer and recombination processes were analyzed in terms of the parameters: normalized steady state photocurrents and surface state lifetimes obtained by measuring the IMPS responses under different applied potentials and different solution concentrations. IMPS responses of polycrystalline CdSe thin film electrodes were also presented for comparison.     

纳米材料的结构分析

介绍宏观与微观的纳米粒子具有特殊的结构与性能,采用现代分析测试技术确定纳米材料的结构,并探索其原子或分子组成的规律是目前纳米科学的最微处理的研究内容之一。评述了纳米材料结构分析方法及理论研究的新成果。     

Y2O3:Eu纳米晶的硝基取代苯甲酸配合物固相热解制备和性能

以苯甲酸、邻硝基苯甲酸、间硝基苯甲酸、对硝基苯甲酸、3,5 二硝基苯甲酸等为配体制备了Y3+、Eu3+二元配合物,配合物中Y3+与Eu3+的摩尔比为9：1.利用这些配合物的爆炸式热分解特性通过固相热解反应制备了一系列Y2O3:Eu纳米晶.透射电镜观察,可以看出所得纳米晶呈球形,粒度介于40～60 nm,X射线衍射分析表明实验所得纳米晶属立方晶系,粒径与电镜观察所得结果基本一致；Eu3+的引入并不影响Y2O3的晶相组成；配体类型对纳米晶的结构没有显著影响,不过相对于硝基取代苯甲酸配合物,苯甲酸配合物热解所得Y2O3∶Eu纳米晶团聚严重；退火温度显著影响纳米晶粒度,退火温度高,纳米晶粒度大,反之亦然.荧光光谱测定表明所有Y2O3∶Eu纳米晶具有相似的发光行为,其中以苯甲酸配合物分解所得Y2O3:Eu纳米晶发光性能最为优越.     

Influence of Modification of Counter Electrode on Photoelectric Properties of Dye-sensitized TiO2 Solar Cells

A dye-sensitized nanocrystalline TiO2 solar cell(DYSC) was assembled, of which counter electrode was modified already by platinum, nickel and carbon. It was found that the DYSC had better photoelectric performance when the electrode was modified by platinum than by nickel and carbon. The influence of the incidence light wavelength on the incidence monochromatic photoelectric conversion effieieney(IPCE) was investigated.The result shows that the IPCE mainly depends on the short-circuit current density(Isc) of a DYSC, and the IPCE reaches 48.32% under the irradiation with the wavelength of 560 nm when the counter electrode of a DYSC was modified by platinum. The influence of incident light intensity on the photoelectric properties of a DYSC was also investigated. It was found that the Isc and open-circuit voltage(Voc) increased and the fill factor(ff) of the DYSC decreased with the increase of the incident light intensity.