染料敏化纳米太阳能电池

本文介绍了染料敏化纳米太阳能电池的结构和原理,对纳米TiO₂膜、敏化染料、空穴传输材料的研究进展进行了综述.     

一维带状SnO2的电子传输性能

采用水辅助化学气相沉积法制备了结晶性好的一维带状SnO₂. 分别以小粒径锡粉和金修饰的小粒径锡粉作为反应原料制得带宽度不同的带状SnO₂, 小粒径锡粉作为反应原料能提高带状SnO₂的产率. 将所得SnO₂带和SnO₂纳米颗粒按不同比例混合配制成胶体, 采用刮涂法制备含不同比例纳米颗粒和纳米带的复合SnO₂薄膜并组装染料敏化太阳能电池(DSSCs)来评价带状SnO₂的电子输运性能. 组装的太阳能电池表现出与复合纳晶薄膜中一维SnO₂带的带宽度和所含比例密切相关的光电性能. 通过强度调制光电流谱的测量确定复合SnO₂薄膜的电子传输速率, 并进一步分析一维材料所具有的良好电子传输性能对光电流增加的贡献. 因为一维SnO₂带在复合纳晶薄膜中作为电子输运的快速通道可以加快电子的输运速度, 所以以适宜的比例添加具有合适宽度的一维SnO₂带可以明显提高太阳能电池的光电性能.     

Hexacyanometalate molecular chemistry: heptanuclear heterobimetallic complexes; control of the ground spin state

Following a bottom-up approach to nanomaterials, we present a rational synthetic route from hexacyanometalates [M(CN)(6)](3-) (M=Cr(III), Co(III)) cores to well-defined heptanuclear complexes. By changing the nature of the metallic cations and using a localised orbital model it is possible to control and to tune the ground state spin value. Thus, with M=Cr(III), d(3), S=3/2, three heptanuclear species were built and characterised by mass spectrometry in solution, by single-crystal X-ray diffraction and by powder magnetic susceptibility measurements, [Cr(III)(CNbondM'L(n))(6)](9+) (M'=Cu(II), Ni(II), Mn(II), L(n)=polydentate ligand), showing spin ground states S(G)=9/2 [Cu(II)], with ferromagnetic interactions J(Cr,Cu)=+45 cm(-1), S(G)=15/2 [Ni(II)] and J(Cr,Ni)=+17.3 cm(-1), S(G)=27/2 [Mn(II)], with an antiferromagnetic interaction J(Cr,Mn)=-9 cm(-1), (interaction Hamiltonian H=-J(Cr,M) [S(Cr)Sigma(i)S(M)(i)], i=1-6). With M=Co(III), d(6), S=0, the heptanuclear analogues [Co(III)(CN-M'L(n))(6)](9+) (M'=Cu(II), Ni(II), Mn(II)) were similarly synthesised and studied. They present a singlet ground state and allow us to evaluate the weak antiferromagnetic coupling constant between two next-nearest neighbours M'-Co-M'.     

A Luminescent and Sublimable DyIII-Based Single-Molecule Magnet

The reaction of [Ln(hfac)₃] ⋅ 2 H₂O and pyridine-N-oxide (PyNO) leads to isostructural dimers of the formula [Ln(hfac)₃(PyNO)]₂ (Ln=Eu, Gd, Tb, Dy). The Dy derivative shows a remarkable single-molecule magnet behavior with complex hysteresis at 1.4 K. The dynamics of the magnetization features are two relaxation regimes: a thermally activated one at high temperature (τ₀=(5.62±0.4)×10⁻¹¹ s and Δ=(167±1) K) and a quantum tunneling regime at low temperature with a tunneling frequency of 0.42 Hz. The analysis of the Gd derivative evidences intradimer antiferromagnetic interactions (J=(−0.034±0.001) cm⁻¹). Moreover, the Eu, Tb, and Dy derivatives are luminescent with quantum yield of 51, 53, and 0.1 %, respectively. The thermal investigation of [Dy(hfac)₃(PyNO)]₂ shows that the dimers can be sublimated intact, suggesting their possible exploit as active materials for surface-confined nanostructures to be investigated by fluorimetry methods.     

低温固态反应制备纳米Ba1-ySryTi1-xZrxO3介电材料及性能研究

将TiCl4的水解产物与固体Ba(OH)2按摩尔比1∶1混合,混合物经室温研磨、100℃烘干,得到钛酸钡纳米晶;按相同工艺掺杂,合成了一系列Ba1-ySryTi1-xZrxO3(0x≤0.3,0y≤0.4)固溶体;采用X射线衍射分析了产物的晶体结构,采用透射电镜观察了其形貌;并测定了系列固溶体的室温介电常数、介电损失.结果表明,所制备的Ba1-ySryTi1-xZrxO3为完全互溶取代固溶体,由平均粒径70 nm的球形微粒组成.经低温固态反应掺入适量锆、锶后,BaTi O3的室温介电常数由3 000提高到20 000左右.     

Synthesis of Layered Sodium Manganese Phosphate via Low-heating Solid State Reaction and Its Properties

The layered nanocrystalline sodium manganese phosphate was synthesized by low‐heating solid state reaction using MnSO₄·H₂O and Na₃PO₄·12H₂O as raw materials. The resulting sodium manganese phosphate and its calcined products were characterized using element analysis, thermogravimetry and differential thermal analyses (TG/DTA), Fourier transform IR (FT‐IR), X‐ray powder diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), ultraviolet‐visible (UV‐Vis) absorption spectroscopy, and magnetic susceptibility. The results showed that the product obtained at 70°C for 3 h, NaMnPO₄·3H₂O, was a layered compound, and its crystallite size and interlayer distance were 27 nm and 1.124 nm, respectively. The thermal process of NaMnPO₄·3H₂O between room temperature and 700°C experienced three steps, the dehydration of the one adsorption water at first, and then dehydration of the two crystal waters, at last crystallization of NaMnPO₄. Magnetic susceptibility measurements of NaMnPO₄· 3H₂O from room temperature to 2.5 K point to ferrimagnetic ordering at T_N‐35 K.     

Nano-Mgo-Catalyzed One-Pot Synthesis of Phosphonate Ester Functionalized 2-Amino-3-Cyano-4H-Chromene Scaffolds at Room Temperature

Abstract

A facile and efficient protocol for one-pot three-component synthesis of structurally diverse (2-amino-3-cyano-4H-chromen-4-yl)phosphonic acid diethyl esters from the reaction of salicylaldehydes, malononitrile (or ethyl cyanoacetate), and triethylphosphite using basic nanocrystalline MgO as catalyst in aqueous ethanolic medium at room temperature has been developed. Nano-MgO has been prepared using a simple sol-gel approach. Clean reaction profile, easy reusability of MgO nano-catalyst, mild reaction condition, good yields, and practical applicability are the major advantages of the present protocol.     

Trinuclear [CoIII2–LnIII] (Ln=Tb,Dy) Single‐Ion Magnets with Mixed 6‐Chloro‐2‐Hydroxypyridine and Schiff Base Ligands

The Schiff base ligand N1,N3‐bis(3‐methoxysalicylidene)diethylenetriamine (H₂valdien) and the co‐ligand 6‐chloro‐2‐hydroxypyridine (Hchp) were used to construct two 3d–4f heterometallic single‐ion magnets [Co₂Dy(valdien)₂(OCH₃)₂(chp)₂] ? ClO₄ ? 5 H₂O ( 1 ) and [Co₂Tb(valdien)₂(OCH₃)₂(chp)₂] ? ClO₄ ? 2 H₂O ? CH₃OH ( 2 ). The two trinuclear [Co^III₂Ln^III] complexes behave as a mononuclear Ln^III magnetic system because of the presence of two diamagnetic cobalt(III) ions. Complex 1 has a molecular symmetry center, and it crystallizes in the C2/c space group, whereas complex 2 shows a lower molecular symmetry and crystallizes in the P2₁/c space group. Magnetic investigations indicated that both complexes are field‐induced single‐ion magnets, and the Co^III₂–Dy^III complex possesses a larger energy barrier [74.1(4.2) K] than the Co^III₂–Tb^III complex [32.3(2.6) K].     

Magnetic‐Structure‐Stabilized Polarization in an Above‐Room‐Temperature Ferrimagnet

Above‐room‐temperature polar magnets are of interest due to their practical applications in spintronics. Here we present a strategy to design high‐temperature polar magnetic oxides in the corundum‐derived A₂BB′O₆ family, exemplified by the non‐centrosymmetric (R3) Ni₃TeO₆‐type Mn²⁺₂Fe³⁺Mo⁵⁺O₆, which shows strong ferrimagnetic ordering with T_C=337 K and demonstrates structural polarization without any ions with (n?1)d¹⁰ns⁰, d⁰, or stereoactive lone‐pair electrons. Density functional theory calculations confirm the experimental results and suggest that the energy of the magnetically ordered structure, based on the Ni₃TeO₆ prototype, is significantly lower than that of any related structure, and accounts for the spontaneous polarization (68 μC cm^?2) and non‐centrosymmetry confirmed directly by second harmonic generation. These results motivate new directions in the search for practical magnetoelectric/multiferroic materials.