基于辐射光谱的相关色温与热力学温度相关性分析

(相关)色温是色度学中用以描述物体色度特性的物理量,与基于谱色测温法而得到的热力学温度之间是存在差异的。对于可见光波段内具有单调发射率的连续辐射光源,通过辐射光谱的分析,建立(相关)色温与热力学温度之间的数学关联是可行的,因而,它们之间的相关性温差与发射率模型变量的变化规律在文章中给予了详细的理论分析,并给出了相应的数值模拟结果。文章的理论与数值分析讨论将为色温计成为测温计做出更充足的理论准备。     

AOTF多光谱成像系统中色差分析及硬件补偿策略

针对声光可调谐滤光器(AOTF)多光谱成像系统中存在色差,使得不同波长下成像清晰所需焦距有所差异,即使在固定波长下,由于横向(衍射方向)光谱展宽,出现横线清楚竖线模糊的现象,本文对AOTF中的色差做了具体分析,指出了成像模糊的原因。根据AOTF多光谱成像系统成像特点,进一步提出了一种改进的SSIM算法作为图像的清晰度评价函数,原算法中目标为两幅图像(一幅为参考图像,一幅为待测图像),而此算法中将目标设定为一幅图像中的相邻行进行相似度分析,明暗变化边缘相似度小说明对比度大,从而图像较为清晰。使用以此算法为核心的自动聚焦对AOTF多光谱成像系统中由色差引起的图像质量进行补偿,计算量小,速度快。通过实验验证了此补偿策略的可行性和实用性,结果表明此策略能够有效解决AOTF多光谱成像系统中因色差引起的图像模糊问题,具有重要的应用价值。     

In-flight particle diagnostics in induction plasma processing

A laser Doppler anemometer combined with a particle-emission spectrometer, are used for the study of the induction plasma spraying process. For this, the effects of chamber pressure, spray distance and torch nozzle design on the particle surface temperature and velocity as well as the fraction of hot particles included in the stream of processed material, were investigated. A comparison between the velocity measurements by laser Doppler anemometry (LDA) and by the particle time-of-flight technique is presented in order to emphasize the deference between the velocity of the hot particles, and that of the total particle population, cold and hot. The influence of the individual particle mass on particle entrainment in the plasma jet from the ambient atmosphere in the vacuum chamber is discussed.     

多光谱光声层析成像及其在生物医学中的应用

多光谱光声层析成像(MSOT)技术是一种将多光谱成像与光声层析成像(PACT)技术相结合的新技术,该技术利用不同生物组织的光谱吸收特性,用多组不同波长的短脉冲激光照射组织以产生组织特异性的光声信号,从而更好地进行光声成像和组分识别。MSOT兼具光学成像的高灵敏度、高分辨率优势和超声成像可对数厘米深组织成像的长处,同时又能弥补光学成像深度有限和超声成像对比度差的短处,能够实现深层组织的高分辨率、高对比度、高穿透深度的实时无损伤成像。迄今为止,MSOT已应用于肿瘤内光吸收粒子的检测、血管结构和血液氧合作用的评价、生物荧光蛋白的成像以及乳腺癌患者检测的初步研究。随着光声成像系统的不断改进,MSOT与生物标记物(如荧光试剂、金纳米颗粒等)结合对体内分子进行成像,在生物医学中得到了广泛的应用。本文简要综述了MOST的成像原理、实验装置及其性能特点,着重总结了其在生物医学领域的最新应用进展,尤其是在新生血管成像、肿瘤的早期诊断及肿瘤的原位成像方面。     

无人机载小型多光谱成像仪的设计

多光谱成像仪足一种有效的对地观测工具,航空机载多光谱成像仪在遥感领域得到广泛的应用。介绍一种新的小型多光谱成像仪的设计,以小型化、轻量化研究为特点,使其与小型无人飞机精密结合,成为一种灵活机动的海洋监测工具,将在海洋污染、赤潮发现、原油泄漏等重大事件临测上发挥作用。     

多光谱目标探测的波段选择

利用超光谱数据对多光谱传感器的波段选择提出了一个框架。根据探测理论,导出了一个代价函数,对于区分弱小目标和杂波(光谱分布已知)的探测性能最优的光谱波段来说,可使该函数最小。利用匹配追踪算法找到了一个近似最小的代价函数,从而选出了滤波器。该方法可用于设计多光谱红外搜索跟踪和光电导弹预警传感器。在杂波背景下,对小目标探测的低虚警率和高探测概率来说是至关重要的。     

空间目标红外双波段比色测温法精度分析

针对空间目标与地基望远镜红外成像传感器终端之间的不确知参量将降低双波段比色测温法求解精度,且精度影响程度未知,假设目标为灰体,对包含不确知参量的最大似然估计函数关于发射率求偏导,建立基于红外探测器测量电子数的双波段比色测温数学模型,并进行双波段比色测温法的蒙特卡洛仿真实验与精度分析。对于大气透过率的估算,提出应用红外自然星体的大气透过率现场标校方法。空间目标温度反演精度与成像探测器的信噪比、大气透过率、地球热辐射以及波段之间的发射率差异等未知参量的估算精度有关。结果表明:信噪比高于20,波段之间发射率差异小于0.03,地球热辐射预测精度优于50%,大气透过率预测精度优于10%时,比色测温法优于40 K的温度估计精度。     

A Texture Combined Multispectral Magnetic Resonance Imaging Segmentation for Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma

Tumor segmentation from magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is important for volume estimation and visualization of nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC). In some cases, segmentation using the general multispectral (GM) method often obtained poor results due to the high false positives caused by complex anatomic structures and serious overlap in feature space. In this study, a texture combined multispectral fuzzy clustering (TCMFC) segmentation algorithm was proposed. A texture measure of T1-weighted (T1) MR image was introduced by calculating the two-order central statistical information of every pixel within a window after the window convolution operation. The texture measure and the intensities in T1 and contrast-enhanced T1 images formed the new 3-D feature vector for fuzzy clustering implemented by semi-supervised fuzzy c-means (SFCM). Testing showed that by reducing the false positives significantly, the TCMFC method achieved improved segmentation results, compared with the GM method.     

基于目标识别的红外与微光图像融合方法

 为了在融合图像中突出运动目标,提出了一种基于动态目标检测和识别的图像融合算法。先对红外图像序列中的运动目标进行检测和提取,同时对红外和微光图像进行融合,最后将提取到的红外目标与融合图像进行二次融合。试验结果表明,该算法获得的融合图像不仅具有普通融合算法信息丰富的特点,还具有鲜明的红外目标指示特性。     

Combined Infrared Thermal Imaging and Laser Heating for the Study of Materials Thermophysical and Processing Properties at High Temperatures

Focused laser irradiation can easily drive materials to extreme temperatures with very high precision and control. In combination with infrared imaging and material characterization techniques, the resulting thermal load can be assessed to derive meaningful thermophysical properties avoiding interferences that would normally occur with direct contact measurements of temperature. In this focused article we first address technical challenges with the experimental implementation involved in obtaining laser-induced temperature field data from infrared imaging. We then discuss suitable heat transport models for analysis of thermal data and, finally, describe specific examples of thermophysical material parameters derived from combined infrared imaging and laser heating. The aim is to illustrate general principles of this combined laser-based heating and IR thermal imaging approach that are useful for experimentation under extreme conditions, which often remain out of reach of conventional methods.