基于光照-反射成像模型和形态学操作的多谱段图像增强算法

为解决多谱段降质图像增强问题,提出了一种基于光照-反射成像模型和形态学操作的多谱段图像增强算法.首先对图像饱和度使用自适应非线性拉伸函数进行拉伸,使增强后的图像色彩更加饱和、自然;接下来利用引导滤波算法提取出图像的光照分量,提出了一种基于细节特征的加权融合策略,利用光照分布特性构造了一种自适应Gamma校正函数对光照分量进行处理,并将其与利用对比度受限的自适应直方图均衡化方法处理后的光照分量以及原始光照分量进行融合;然后在反射分量校正时,构造了一种形态学操作函数来校正反射信息;最后合并光照分量和反射分量,并与处理后的饱和度分量和色调分量一起得到增强图像.采用主客观评价指标对可见光低照度图像、水下图像、高动态范围图像、沙尘暴图像、雾天图像和热红外图像6种降质多谱段图像实验结果进行分析比较,结果表明本文算法能够有效地抑制图像噪声、增强图像细节信息、改善图像视觉效果,可应用于多种图像增强领域.     

一种红外光谱发射率测量装置的研制

研制了一种利用对称双光路比对法测量材料表面光谱发射率的装置,该装置采用多光谱辐射测温技术测量材料表面温度,解决了不规则材料表面温度难以精确测定的问题,实现了材料表面半球发射率和表面温度的同时测定。     

The application analyses for primary spectrum pyrometer

In the applications of primary spectrum pyrometry, based on the dynamic range and the minimum sensibility of the sensor, the application issues, such as the measurement range and the measurement partition, were investigated through theoretical analyses. For a developed primary spectrum pyrometer, the theoretical predictions of measurement range and the distributions of measurement partition were presented through numerical simulations. And the measurement experiments of high-temperature blackbody and standard temperature lamp were processed to further verify the above theoretical analyses and numerical results. Therefore the research in the paper provides the helpful supports for the applications of primary spectrum pyrometer and other radiation pyrometers.     

Visibly Transparent Multifunctional Metascreen for Tunable Infrared Coloration and Microwave Transmission

Metascreens are remarkable optical materials that have attracted significant research interest owing to their ability to manipulate electromagnetic waves by selectively transmitting, reflecting, and absorbing specific wavelengths. The present study introduces a new metascreen concept called visibly transparent multifunctional metascreen (VTMM), which is capable of simultaneously transmitting visible light, selectively transmitting microwaves, and modulating infrared (IR) emissions, all through a single surface. The VTMM is fabricated by patterning a thin metal film in a square-loop pattern on a transparent substrate, resulting in frequency-selective transmission characteristics in the X-band and visible transparency. Before demonstrating independent control of the visible and IR coloration of the VTMM by varying the metal film thickness and using color backgrounds, the visible and IR coloration characteristics of the ultrathin metal film on glass (MFG) are analyzed. Based on the findings, the VTMM preserves optical images behind the metascreen while reducing the average IR signature from 89.0 to 69.3 W m⁻² sr^-1, with up to 23.5% reduction compared to a glass substrate, as the metal film thickness increases from 40 to 100 nm is confirmed. Furthermore, the designed selective transmission characteristics are shown to remain consistent across varying metal film thicknesses.     

环境卫星多光谱图像压缩算法

基于环境卫星多光谱图像特点的分析,提出了一种新的基于三维等级树集合划分算法(3D-SPI HT)和感兴趣区域(ROI)编码相结合的多光谱图像压缩算法。首先在谱间采用两种小波基相结合的三维离散小波变换(3D-DWT),去除多光谱图像在空间和谱间的冗余信息,减少恢复光谱的误差值,然后采用部分三维等级树集合划分算法和小波系数提升的感兴趣区域编码相结合的方法。该方法对小波系数从空间方向树上按对恢复光谱信息的重要性不同进行合理的码率分配,使得恢复光谱具有更好的分辨率,并依据比特平面层中重要系数的统计概率来自适应地进行3种编码模式的选择,提高了编码效率。实验数据结果表明,该算法比传统算法更好地保护了多光谱图像中的光谱信息,在压缩比为8∶1的情况下,满足了环境卫星多光谱图像压缩系统的要求。     

基于多光谱成像的光谱反射率重建

一些对颜色重现要求较高的应用领域需要获取目标表面上各点的光谱反射率。大多数天然物质表面的光谱反射率曲线比较平滑,可视为几个基向量的线性组合。基于这一原理的多光谱成像技术可以准确快速地重建目标表面的光谱反射率。通过对NCS色卡进行主成分分析,得出了彩色印刷品光谱反射率的基向量。建立了一个多光谱成像系统,用以比较基向量个数不同对反射率重建效果的影响。     

基于长波红外光谱的热态锻件温度场测量方法研究

提出一种长波红外光谱的温度场测量方法。将谱色测温原理与三级Fabry-Perot(FP)型Liquid Crystal Tunable Filter(LCTF)相结合,并对测温理论模型中三组非线性相关方程组所得的解进行了优化,以进一步减小误差,使测量值更加客观、真实;然后运用液晶双折射可调谐滤光原理,制作了三级FP型LCTF滤光系统,该系统在一定的长波红外光谱范围内实现了波长的任意调谐,从而保证测温系统的响应快速、准确。该方法测温前无需知晓被测物发射率,且能有效抑制背景光辐射和环境光源对测温精度带来的影响,保证了测温结果的准确性。最后通过matlab仿真软件验证了滤光系统所得红外光谱符合系统设计要求,并通过实验验证了该测温方法的可行性,测温准确性较之传统的单波段红外热像仪得到了提高。     

基于分子弛豫模型的混合气体多物理场二维重建算法

基于气体分子弛豫模型,研究声波传播的弛豫吸收与混合气体浓度及温度的关系,以CO-N₂-O₂混合气体为例,分别建立声速和声弛豫吸收同混合气体温度、浓度关系的三维模型.提出一种在二维空间中同时重建混合气体的温度场、浓度场和流场的算法,并对混合气体多物理场进行仿真重建.数值实验证明了算法的可靠性及实际应用的可行性,并可以将此算法应用到其它混合气体的测量,为混合气体的复杂多物理场测量提供了一种新的有效测量方法.     

面向高保真再现的多光谱图像融合技术

面向高保真再现(高保真显示和高保真印刷)的多光谱图像融合是多光谱颜色再现的关键技术和核心环节.论文结合人类视觉系统的构成与特性,采用基于多分辨率分析理论的图像融合方法,并嵌入基于图像色貌模型的色彩转换方法,提出了面向高保真再现的多光谱图像融合方法,其核心为基于人类视觉系统的小波图像融合方法,并设计了融合框架、融合算法和融合效果评价指标.最后通过高分辨率图像与多光谱图像的融合试验,并通过融合指标的分析计算验证了此技术方法的有效性,它为颜色视觉的阶段理论学说提供了新的理论解释.     

Multi-Analytical Characterization and Radiocarbon Dating of a Roman Egyptian Mummy Portrait

Fayum mummy portraits, painted around 2000 years ago, represent a fascinating fusion of Egyptian and Graeco-Roman funerary and artistic traditions. Examination of these artworks may provide insight into the Roman Empire’s trade and economic and social structure during one of its most crucial yet still hazy times of transition. The lack of proper archaeological documentation of the numerous excavated portraits currently prevents their chronological dating, be it absolute or relative. So far, their production period has been defined essentially on the basis of the relevant differences in their pictorial style. Our study introduces the use of Accelerator Mass Spectrometry (AMS) to assess the age of a fragment of an encaustic painting belonging to the corpus of the Fayum portraits. The unexpected age resulting from ¹⁴C analysis suggests the need to reconsider previous assumptions regarding the period of production of the Fayum corpus. Furthermore, our multi-analytical, non-invasive approach yields further details regarding the fragment’s pictorial technique and constituting materials, based on spectral and morphological analysis and cross-sectional examination.