Silicate Xerogels with Dopant-Induced Chirality

A series of silicate xerogels with entrapped chiral amino acids have been obtained via sol-gel technology. The transparent, glassy samples obtained exhibit chirality in the bulk due to the presence of the entrapped asymmetric molecules. Measurements of the optical activity of the doped xerogel samples revealed that the entrapment did not significantly influence the optical activity observed for liquid solutions of the amino acids. Thus, the sol-gel method enables the preparation of amorphous optical materials exhibiting properties of strictly spatially defined molecular systems. Apart from the obvious optical applications, such porous materials with asymmetric centers might find interesting applications in chiral chemical syntheses and separations.     

A theoretical investigation of the interaction between H,Li, Na,K, and fullerenes

We studied the interaction between H, Li, Na, and K with one and two C₆₀ molecules using unrestricted Hartree–Fock (UHF) methods. We investigated the effects of distances between the doping atoms and the C₆₀ clusters, total charges, interaction energies, stabilities, HOMO‐LUMO energy differences, charge distribution, and potential energy surfaces. The effect of each doping atom was analyzed and potential technological applications discussed. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Quantum Chem, 2005     

三维有序结构In掺杂TiO_2薄膜的可见光催化活性

采用自组装生长聚苯乙烯胶体模板和溶胶-凝胶法,制备出三维(3D)有序结构In掺杂TiO2(IO-TiO2-In)薄膜可见光催化剂.光催化实验证明,IO-TiO2-In薄膜降解甲醛的可见光活性是TiO2和三维有序结构TiO2(IOTiO2)薄膜的5倍.利用X射线电子衍射(XRD)谱、X射线光电子能谱(XPS)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)和紫外-可见(UV-Vis)漫反射吸收光谱确定了催化剂的晶相结构、表面微结构和能带结构.结果表明,IO-TiO2-In薄膜具有锐钛矿型三维有序结构,与TiO2相比,增加了比表面积,提高光的利用率;掺入的In离子在薄膜表面形成In2O3和O-In-Clx(x=1,2)物种,既增强可见光的吸收,又有效地促进了光生载流子的分离,提高了光生载流子在固/气界面参加光催化反应的利用率,使催化剂的可见光催化活性显著提高.     

Facile Fabrication of Platinum Nanoparticles Supported on Nitrogen-doped Carbon Nanotubes and Their Catalytic Activity

A facile impregnation method under mild condition is designed for synthesis of highly dispersed Pt nanoparticles with a narrow size of 4-7 nm on nitrogen-doped carbon nanotubes （CNx）. CNx do not need any pre-surface modification due to the inherent chemical activity. The structure and nature of Pt/CNx were characterized by X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy and energy dispersive spectroscopy spectrum. All the experimental results revealed that the large amount of doped nitrogen atoms in CNx was virtually effective for capturing the Pt（IV） ions. The improved surface nitrogen functionalities and hydrophilicity contributed to the good dispersion and immobi- lization of Pt nanoparticles on the CNx surface. The Pt/CNx served as active and reusable catalysts in the hydrogenation of allyl alcohol. This could be attributed to high dispersion of Pt nanoparticles and stronger interaction between Pt and the supports, which prevented the Pt nanoparticles from aggregating into less active Pt black and from leaching as well.     

原子吸收分光光度法空心阴极灯一灯多用探讨

利用原子吸收分光光度法分别用钾空心阴极灯测钠、锌空心阴极灯测铜,标准曲线线性良好,相关系数均在0.999以上。钾灯测量钠质控样结果为0.747 mg/L,在质控样标称值范围(0.712±0.049)mg/L之内。锌灯测量铜质控样结果为1.23 mg/L,在质控样标称值范围(1.19±0.05)mg/L之内。钾灯测钠的相对标准偏差为0.47%(n=6),加标回收率为99.8%。锌灯测铜的相对标准偏差为0.53%(n=6),加标回收率为103%。一灯多用在环境监测工作中是可行的。     

高师“中学化学微格教学”课程评价教学改革

基于多元评价理论,在“中学化学微格教学”课程中先后尝试进行了如下改革：增加“自评”“组评”环节,调整“自评”“组评”和“师评”的权重,编制并逐年完善了“微格教学评分表（1.0/2.0/3.0）”,基本建立了评价目标多元、评价标准多元、评价主体多元、评价方式多元的多元评价体系。     

One‐Pot Synthesis of Nitrogen‐doped TiO2 Nanowires with Enhanced Photocurrent Generation

A nitrogen‐doped TiO₂ (N‐TiO₂) nanowire film was synthesized via a one‐pot hydrothermal method using triethylamine as nitrogen source. The effect of the concentration of the triethylamine on the films was evaluated. In addition, the N‐TiO₂ nanowires were characterized using field‐emission scanning electron microscopy (FE‐SEM), X‐ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), Raman spectroscopy, and ultraviolet–visible spectroscopy. A 3.2× enhancement of the photocurrent for N‐TiO₂ (0.6) was achieved over the as‐prepared TiO₂ nanowire, under AM1.5G solar illumination. This was due to nitrogen doping, which could narrow the bandgap of titania to extend the adsorption of the catalyst to the visible light region.     

Facile preparation of a polydopamine‐based monolith for multiple monolithic fiber solid‐phase microextraction of triazine herbicides in environmental water samples

A new multiple monolithic fiber solid‐phase microextraction using a polydopamine‐based monolith as the extraction medium is proposed. The monolith was synthesized by facile in situ copolymerization of N‐methacryldopamine and dual cross‐linkers (divinylbenzene/ethylenedimethacrylate) in the presence of N ,N‐dimethylformamide. The effect of the contents of N‐methacryldopamine and porogen in the polymerization mixture on the extraction performance was investigated thoroughly. A series of characterization studies was performed to validate the structure and properties of the monolith. The prepared multiple monolithic fibers were used for the extraction of triazine herbicides in environmental water samples. After the optimization of the extraction parameters, a convenient, sensitive, cost‐effective, and environmentally friendly method for the determination of trace triazine herbicides in water samples was developed by coupling multiple monolithic fibers solid‐phase microextraction with high‐performance liquid chromatography and diode array detection. The results indicated that the limits of detection and quantification for the target compounds were 0.031–0.14 and 0.10–0.45 μg/L, respectively. Good precision and reproducibility were obtained with the relative standard deviations below 10%. The developed method was applied to the analysis of the triazine herbicides in different water samples (lake, river, and farmland waters). The recoveries of the method were in the range between 79.6 and 117%.     

NH4F对NH3低温选择性催化还原NO的影响研究

制备了一种新的氟掺杂氧化钒/氧化钛催化剂,探讨了掺杂模式、制备方法对低温SCR活性的影响.结果显示,在120~240℃反应温度下,由溶胶法制得的氟掺杂于钒(F-V)模式下的催化活性最佳,通过与未掺杂催化剂(COM)对比可知,在210℃时,氟掺杂催化剂的活性提高了35%,并于240℃时NO的脱除率达到了98.6%.通过X射线衍射试验(XRD)、透射电子显微镜(TEM)、比表面积测试(BET)、光电子能谱分析(XPS)以及H_2程序升温还原(H_2-TPR)等表征技术显示氟掺杂引起催化剂SCR活性提升主要与催化剂活性成分的良好分散性、粒子尺寸减小、比表面积及孔容增大、更强的氧化还原能力有关.另外,通过试验研究表明,氟掺杂催化剂不仅提升了SCR活性,拓宽了活性温度范围,而且还增强了抗硫与抗水性能.     

TiB2/均相硼掺杂TiO2核/壳结构提升光催化氧化水产氧活性

光催化可实现污染物降解、分解水制氢和CO2还原等多种氧化还原反应, 因而受到了广泛关注. 光催化材料中光生电荷的数目与氧化还原能力直接影响光催化反应效率, 在许多光催化反应中, 光生空穴氧化反应被认为速控步骤. 以光催化分解水为例, 质子的还原是单电子过程, 水氧化产生氧气则涉及四个电子. 空穴的高能量不仅可赋予其高的氧化能力,还能提高其迁出表面的能力, 因此具有重要研究价值.我们组的前期工作表明, 以TiB2作为前驱体, 采用水热合成和焙烧两步法可制备出间隙硼掺杂的金红石相或锐钛矿相TiO2, 间隙硼掺杂可显著降低价带顶, 提升光催化氧化水产氧性能. 然而, 在已有的结果中, 间隙硼掺杂浓度在TiO2中均呈现从内向外逐渐增加的梯度分布, 这意味着硼掺杂浓度有限, 且表层更低的价带顶不利于体相光生空穴向表面迁移, 因此亟需实现TiO2中均相的间隙硼掺杂.本文以湿化的氩气为水解环境, 将水解过程限域在TiB2的表面以减少硼原子流失; 同时提高水解温度, 使残留的硼原子形成间隙掺杂, 避免其在二次焙烧时扩散, 从而在TiB2核的表面所形成的TiO2壳层中实现均相间隙硼掺杂, 显著提高了光催化氧化水产氧活性. 多种表征结果表明, 直径约为6-10 μm的TiB2核表面形成了厚约400 nm的TiO2壳层, 在TiO2/TiB2中TiO2壳层重量比约为30%, TiO2壳层中锐钛矿相TiO2占比为65 wt%, 金红石相TiO2占比为35 wt%. TiO2壳层中间隙硼为均相分布, 硼掺杂显著降低了价带顶位置, 提高了光生空穴的氧化能力, 从而使得TiB2/TiO2展现出比未掺杂的金红石、锐钛矿相及两者混合相的TiO2均具有更高的光催化氧化水产氧的能力.