High coercivity nanocrystalline YCo5 powders produced by mechanical milling

High coercivity nanostructured YCo₅ powders were successfully prepared by mechanical milling of as-cast alloys and subsequent vacuum annealing. Almost single phase YCo₅ alloys, obtained by arc melting, were processed by high energy mechanical milling using a SPEX 8000 mill. After 4 h of milling, powders become nearly amorphous. DSC scans revealed the existence of an irreversible broad exothermic transition with a maximum at 516 °C associated with the crystallization process. Annealing in high vacuum at 800 °C during 2.5 min led to the formation of YCo₅ nanoparticles with an average particle size of 12 nm. A high intrinsic coercivity of 7.23 kOe together with a σ_r/σ_s ratio of 0.75 were obtained.     

Tunable interface anisotropy in a Pt/Co_(1-x)Fe_x/Pt multilayer

Interfacial magnetic anisotropy in a Pt/Co1-xFex /Pt multilayer is tuned by doping iron atoms into the cobalt layer.The perpendicular magnetic anisotropy and out-of-plane coercivity are found to decrease with increasing x.For a specific x,the out-of-plane coercivity acquires a maximal value as a function of the thickness of the CoFe layer.At low temperature,the coercivity is enhanced.Small coercivity but reasonably large perpendicular magnetic anisotropy can be obtained by controlling the x and CoFe layer thickness.     

Growth of monodisperse nanospheres of MnFe_2O_4 with enhanced magnetic and optical properties

Highly dispersive nanospheres of MnFe204 are prepared by template free hydrothermal method. The nanospheres have 47.3-nm average diameter, narrow size distribution, and good crystallinity with average crystallite size about 22 nm. The reaction temperature strongly affects the morphology, and high temperature is found to be responsible for growth of uniform nanospheres. Raman spectroscopy reveals high purity of prepared nanospheres. High saturation magnetization （78.3 emu/g）, low coercivity （45 Oe, 10e = 79.5775 A.cm-1）, low remanence （5.32 emu/g）, and high anisotropy constant 2.84 × 10^4 J/m3 （10 times larger than bulk） are observed at room temperatures. The nearly snperparamagnetic behavior is ~ spin due to comparable size of nanospheres with superparamagnetic critical thameter Dcr spm The high value of Keff may be due to coupling between the pinned moment in the amorphous shell and the magnetic moment in the core of the nanospheres. The nanospheres show prominent optical absorption in the visible region, and the indirect band gap is estimated to be 0.98 eV from the transmission spectrum. The prepared Mn ferrite has potential applications in biomedicine and photocatalysis.     

A meshless model for transient heat conduction analyses of 3D axisymmetric functionally graded solids

A meshless numerical model is developed for analyzing transient heat conductions in three-dimensional （3D） axisymmetric continuously nonhomogeneous functionally graded materials （FGMs）. Axial symmetry of geometry and boundary conditions reduces the original 3D initial-boundary value problem into a two-dimensional （2D） problem. Local weak forms are derived for small polygonal sub-domains which surround nodal points distributed over the cross section. In order to simplify the treatment of the essential boundary conditions, spatial variations of the temperature and heat flux at discrete time instants are interpolated by the natural neighbor interpolation. Moreover, the using of three-node triangular finite element method （FEM） shape functions as test functions reduces the orders of integrands involved in domain integrals. The semi-discrete heat conduction equation is solved numerically with the traditional two-point difference technique in the time domain. Two numerical examples are investigated and excellent results are obtained, demonstrating the potential application of the proposed approach.     

Magnetic properties of prussian blue modified Fe3O4 nanocubes

Size controlled cubic Fe₃O₄ nanoparticles in the size range 90–10 nm were synthesized by varying the ferric ion concentration using the oxidation method. A bimodal size distribution was found without ferric ion concentration and the monodispersity increased with higher concentration. The saturation magnetization decreased from 90 to 62 emu/g when the particle size is reduced to 10 nm. The Fe₃O₄ nanoparticles with average particle sizes 10 and 90 nm were surface modified with prussian blue. The attachment of prussian blue with Fe₃O₄ was found to depend on the concentration of HCl and the particle size. The saturation magnetization of prussian blue modified Fe₃O₄ varied from 10 to 80 emu/g depending on the particle size. The increased tendency for the attachment of prussian blue with smaller particle size was explained based on the surface charge. The prussian blue modified magnetite nanoparticles could be used as a radiotoxin remover in detoxification applications.     

Doping-induced spin-manipulation in complex trimer system Ca3Cu3(PO4)4: A density functional investigation

Doping induced spin-manipulation with magnetic (Ni) and non-magnetic (Mg) dopants constitutes the experimental attempts to obtain a singlet ground state system from the linear chain Heisenberg antiferromagnetic Cu-based d⁹ spin-1/2 trimer compound Ca³Cu³(PO⁴)⁴ with doublet ground state. The present study is a density-functional investigation of the effects of such doping on the spin-exchange mechanism and electronic structure of the parent compound. Site-selective doping with zero-spin dopants like Mg is proved to be more efficient than an integral spin dopant Ni in obtaining a spin-gap system with singlet ground state, as also observed in the experimental studies. Doping induced dimerized state is found to be the lowest in ground-state energy. Calculated spin exchange couplings along various possible pathways are observed to attain good agreement with earlier experimental results with suitable optimization of Coulomb repulsion (U) and exchange (J) parameters.     

Growth and comparison of physicochemical properties of pure,Ca and Sr doped NH4Sb3F10 single crystals for electro optic applications

Single crystals of pure, Ca²⁺ and Sr²⁺ doped NH₄Sb₃F₁₀ are grown by slow evaporation technique. The effect of dopants on the growth and physicochemical properties also have been investigated and reported for the first time. The grown crystals are characterized with the aid of single crystal X-ray diffractometry to confirm the crystal structure. EDAX studies are done to confirm the presence of dopants in the crystal lattice. The vibrational frequencies of various group ligands in the crystals have been derived from the Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectrum. From the optical absorption spectrum the band gap energy was calculated and it was found to be 5.76, 6.29 and 6.35 eV for pure, Ca²⁺ and Sr²⁺ doped NH₄Sb₃F₁₀ crystals respectively. Thermal stability of the sample has been analysed using TG-DTA analysis. The activation energy of pure, Ca²⁺ and Sr²⁺ doped NH₄Sb₃F₁₀ crystals were calculated from the dc conductivity measurements and it is found to be 0.2728, 0.2816 and 0.3622 eV Experimental results shows improved physicochemical properties when the dopant is added to the pure material.     

Optical microstrip patch antennas design and analysis

This paper has presented transparent conductor oxide materials (TCOMs) based microstrip patch antennas with glass substrate and copper ground plane, which have been deeply analyzed in the visible spectrum region in comparison with the practical patch antenna model of indium tin oxide patch with glass substrate and different TCOMs based ground plane. As well as the study have investigated the effect of transparent oxide materials on patch antenna design instead of perfect conductor materials such as copper that has low cost and weight. The tradeoff between optical transparency and electrical conductivity will be evaluated for a range of visible regions. Microstrip transmission line feed method is used to predict the skin effects on a patch antenna and their impact on antenna efficiency, resonance frequency and optical transmission are also described. This study have discussed assessment of these tradeoffs and effect of TCOMs parameters on antenna design.     

未来十年纳米光子学若干重点发展领域

纳米光子学已经对人们的日常生活产生了重要影响,并且纳米光子学器件产品有强大的市场需求,因此其研究结果可以很快转化为商品。文章介绍了在未来5到10年内对光子工业有重大影响并且有望进入商品市场的11个纳米光子学领域,其中包括：纳米尺度量子光子学、全光路由、用于增强磁存储的表面等离子体光子学、用于诊断治疗和药物输送纳米光子学、纳米成像、分子尺度上的化学与生物传感器、纳米标签、纳米尺度上操控光场的分布(光伏器件和LED/OLED)、原型试制的新技术、量身定制光学特性的纳米光子材料以及太赫兹技术等,希望文章能对中国的纳米光子学研究及其工业化应用有一定帮助。     

Coherent control of stimulated emission inside one dimensional photonic crystals: strong coupling regime

The present paper discusses the stimulated emission, in strong coupling regime, of an atom embedded inside a one dimensional (1D) Photonic Band Gap (PBG) cavity which is pumped by two counter-propagating laser beams. Quantum electrodynamics is applied to model the atom-field interaction, by considering the atom as a two level system, the e.m. field as a superposition of normal modes, the coupling in dipole approximation, and the equations of motion in Wigner-Weisskopf and rotating wave approximations. In addition, the Quasi Normal Mode (QNM) approach for an open cavity is adopted, interpreting the local density of states (LDOS) as the local density of probability to excite one QNM of the cavity; and therefore rendering this LDOS dependent on the phase difference of the two laser beams. In this paper we demonstrate that the strong coupling regime occurs at high values of the LDOS. In accordance with the results of the literature, the emission probability of the atom decays with an oscillatory behaviour, so that the atomic emission spectrum exhibits two peaks (Rabi splitting). The novelty of this work is that the phase difference of the two laser beams can produce a coherent control of both the oscillations for the atomic emission probability and, as a consequence, of the Rabi splitting in the emission spectrum. Possible criteria to design active delay lines are finally discussed.