等离子体光学的研究现状与发展前景

等离子体介质由于具有极高的储能密度、无光致损伤阈值和丰富的光学特性,利用它改善光束输出性能是发展高功率激光技术的一条重要技术路线。系统介绍了近年来等离子体光学的研究现状,并论述了今后等离子体光学的发展趋势。     

超短中红外参量放大过程的时空走离特性

计算了MgO:LiNbO3晶体中,共线与非共线相位匹配光参量放大产生超短中红外激光脉冲过程中的相位匹配曲线、有效非线性系数以及时间和空间走离情况。结果表明,采用非共线相位匹配方式,可以实现三波间群速度匹配;在抑制了泵浦光与信号光之间的空间走离的同时加大了泵浦光与闲频光之间的空间走离,但这种影响可以忽略;同时非共线角的引入使相位匹配角增大,提高了有效非线性系数。因此,非共线角的引入在不影响空间走离的情况下,有效补偿超短中红外参量放大过程中的时间走离,有利于参量放大转换效率的提高。     

多程放大系统总体光路的稳定性研究

根据打靶精度要求分解系统的稳定性指标,利用光线追迹并通过三维矩阵与代数运算相结合的方法,开发了分析多程放大系统总体光路稳定性的仿真软件。针对神光-Ⅲ原型装置的总体光路的数学模型,完成了各单个元件稳定性对打靶弹着点的影响的模拟计算。     

An easily-prepared impedance matched Josephson parametric amplifier

An impedance matched parametric amplifier (IMPA) with Josephson junctions is fabricated and characterized. A hybrid structure containing coplanar and strip structures is implemented to realize an impedance taper line and a plate capacitor in an LC nonlinear resonator based on Josephson junctions. The upper plate of the capacitor is isolated with SiN_x without grounding as well as the strips. Such easily-prepared designs greatly reduce the requirements for lithography alignment and precision, which makes the fabrication process more reliable. The experimental results show that in such IMPA a gain higher than 25 dB with a bandwidth of about 100 MHz can be obtained. This broadband amplifier operates close to the quantum limit. By adjusting the working point, a higher bandwidth of about 400 MHz can be obtained with a gain of about 17 dB.     

Energetics of Competing Chiral Supramolecular Polymers

Chirality can have unexpected consequences including on properties other than spectroscopic. We show herein that a racemic mixture of bis-urea stereoisomers forms thermodynamically stable supramolecular polymers that result in a more viscous solution than for the pure stereoisomer. The origin of this macroscopic property was probed by characterizing the structure and stability of the assemblies. Both racemic and non-racemic bis-urea stereoisomers form two competing helical supramolecular polymers in solution: a double and a single helical structure at low and high temperature, respectively. The transition temperature between these assemblies, as probed by spectroscopic and calorimetric analyses, is strongly influenced by the composition (by up to 70 °C). A simple model that accounts for the thermodynamics of this system, indicates that the stereochemical defects (chiral mismatches and helix reversals) affect much more the stability of single helices. Therefore, the heterochiral double helical structure predominates over the single helical structure (whilst the opposite holds for the homochiral structures), which explains the aforementioned higher viscosity of the racemic bis-urea solution. This rationale constitutes a new basis to tune the macroscopic properties of the increasing number of supramolecular polymers reported to exhibit competing chiral nanostructures.     

Enzyme-free Recycling Amplification-based Sensitive Electrochemical Thrombin Aptasensor

In this work, an enzyme-free recycling amplification-based sensitive electrochemical thrombin aptasensor using catalytic hairpin assembly (CHA) and bisferrocene was proposed for electrochemical beacon. Thrombin triggered the CHA reaction that in turn formed a number of double-stranded complexes,which are fixed on the surface of the gold electrode through potential-assisted Au−S deposition, and a large number of labeled bisferrocene are placed close to the gold electrode to generate electrochemical signal. The linear range of the electrochemical sensor was 0.25 pM-2.5 nM for thrombin with detection limit of 0.18 pM. This sensor can be employed to monitor the thrombin in human serum samples.     

Specific Versus Non-specific Response in Exponential Molecular Amplification from Cross-Catalysis: Modeling the Influence of Background Amplifications on the Analytical Performances

Molecule based signal amplifications relying on an autocatalytic process may represent an ideal strategy for the development of ultrasensitive analytical or bioanalytical assays, the main reason being the exponential nature of the amplification. However, to take full advantage of such amplification rates, high stability of the starting co-reactants is required in order to avoid any undesirable background amplification. Here, on the basis of a simple kinetic model of cross-catalysis including a certain degree of intrinsic instability of co-reactants, we highlight the key parameters governing the analytical response of the system and discuss the analytical performances that are expected from a given kinetic set. In particular, we show how the detection limit is directly related to the relative instability of reactants within each catalytic loop. The model is validated with an experimental dataset and is intended to serve as a guide in the design and optimization of autocatalytic molecular-based amplification systems with improved analytical performances.     

基于弱相干光的实际QKD系统的安全性研究

实际量子密钥分发系统使用的单光子源主要是由弱激光脉冲经衰减得到。它不是理想单光子源而是服从泊松分布的准单光子源。每个非空光脉冲中包含多光子的概率不为零,强大的窃听者可利用此获得一些关于最终密钥的信息。因此,有必要研究实际QKD系统的安全性。采用对多光子进行分束窃听、单光子最佳攻击相结合的方案,用Shannon信息理论分析了基于弱相干光的实际QKD系统的安全性。研究结果表明实际QKD系统对于分束窃听和最佳攻击是安全的,并给出合法通信双方在该攻击方案下所容忍的误码率上限。     

Biosensor for multiplex detection of two DNA target sequences using enzyme-functionalized Au nanoparticles as signal amplification

Multiplex electrochemical detection of two DNA target sequences in one sample using enzyme-functionalized Au nanoparticles (AuNPs) as catalytic labels for was proposed. This DNA sensor was fabricated using a “sandwich” detection strategy, involving two kinds of capture probes DNA immobilized on glassy carbon electrode (GCE), and hybridization with target DNA sequences, which further hybridized with the reporter DNA loaded on the AuNPs. The AuNP contained two kinds of DNA sequences, one was complementary to the target DNA, while the other was noncomplementary to the target. The noncomplementary sequences were linked with horseradish peroxidase (HRP) and alkaline phosphatase (ALP), respectively. Enhanced detection sensitivity was obtained where the AuNPs carriers increased the amount of enzyme molecules per hybridization. Electrochemical signals were generated from the enzymatic products produced from the substrates catalyzed by HRP and ALP. Under optimal conditions, a 33-mer sequence could be quantified over the ranges from 1.5 × 10⁻¹³ to 5.0 × 10⁻¹² M with a detection limit of 1.0 × 10⁻¹³ M using HRP-AuNP as labels, and a 33-mer sequence could be quantified over the ranges from 4.5 × 10⁻¹¹ M to 1.0 × 10⁻⁹ M with a detection limit of 1.2 × 10⁻¹¹ M using ALP-AuNP as labels.