Ultrasound assisted enhancement in natural dye extraction from beetroot for industrial applications and natural dyeing of leather

There is a growing demand for eco-friendly/non-toxic colorants, specifically for health sensitive applications such as coloration of food and dyeing of child textile/leather garments. Recently, dyes derived from natural sources for these applications have emerged as an important alternative to potentially harmful synthetic dyes and pose need for suitable effective extraction methodologies. The present paper focus on the influence of process parameters for ultrasound assisted leaching of coloring matter from plant materials. In the present work, extraction of natural dye from beetroot using ultrasound has been studied and compared with static/magnetic stirring as a control process at 45 °C. The influence of process parameters on the extraction efficiency such as ultrasonic output power, time, pulse mode, effect of solvent system and amount of beetroot has been studied. The use of ultrasound is found to have significant improvement in the extraction efficiency of colorant obtained from beetroot. Based on the experiments it has been found that a mixture of 1:1 ethanol–water with 80 W ultrasonic power for 3 h contact time provided better yield and extraction efficiency. Pulse mode operation may be useful in reducing electrical energy consumption in the extraction process. The effect of the amount of beetroot used in relation to extraction efficiency has also been studied. Two-stage extraction has been studied and found to be beneficial for improving the yield for higher amounts of beetroot. Significant 8% enhancement in % yield of colorant has been achieved with ultrasound, 80 W as compared to MS process both using 1:1 ethanol–water. The coloring ability of extracted beet dye has been tested on substrates such as leather and paper and found to be suitable for dyeing. Ultrasound is also found to be beneficial in natural dyeing of leather with improved rate of exhaustion. Both the dyed substrates have better color values for ultrasonic beet extract as inferred from reflectance measurement. Therefore, the present study clearly offers efficient extraction methodology from natural dye resources such as beetroot with ultrasound even dispensing with external heating. Thereby, also making eco-friendly non-toxic dyeing of fibrous substances a potential viable option.     

基于跟踪度的Gabor小波特征跟踪方法的研究

图像的边缘包含了目标的大量特征信息。利用Gabor小波可以从目标图像中提取具有特征位置、角度和尺度的参数。利用这些参数可以重建除均值以外的所有图像信息。图像边缘与均值无关。根据重建图像边缘线段的长度和边缘拟和度以及特征点的个数,提出了跟踪度的概念,分析了跟踪度的性质,并在跟踪度准则指导下确定了跟踪的特征点个数。仿真实验证明,跟踪度反映了目标特征跟踪的可靠程度,提供了跟踪精度的客观标准,为选择特征点个数、平衡计算复杂度和跟踪精度提供了客观的依据。通过对目标进行姿态变换和大面积遮挡的跟踪实验证明,当跟踪度达到0 95以上时就可以稳定地跟踪目标。     

双目遥感凝视系统中运动小目标的快速自动检测

从双目遥感凝视系统的视场重叠区进入系统的信息量大于通过非重叠区的信息量,根据这一特征建立了一种新的运动小目标双目并行快速实时自动检测算法。首先采用差分向量无穷范数算法对原始图像序列做预处理,去掉大量低频噪音和背景,然后采用光流场法对运动小目标进行分割,最后用所提出的空间时间并行快速判定算法对分割的可疑运动小目标进行判定。实验结果表明:由于识别判定算法的空间时间是并行处理的,所以识别判定的平均速度比单目视觉系统提高了50%;在图像信噪比不小于5dB的情况下,准确判定识别的概率为97%。     

与量子光场相互作用的运动原子的熵压缩

运用量子信息熵理论,研究了与量子光场相互作用的二能级运动原子的熵压缩,讨论了原子运动和场模结构对原子熵压缩的影响,并且比较了分别从基于信息熵测不准关系和海森伯测不准关系出发得出的结果,表明原子的运动导致了原子熵压缩的周期性演化;随着场模结构参量的增大,熵压缩的演化周期缩短,压缩时间延长;选择适当的系统参量,运动原子能够呈现长时间的持续熵压缩效应。当原子反转为零时,基于海伯堡测不准关系的方差压缩定义不再有效,而熵压缩实现了对原子压缩效应的高灵敏量度。     

一种基于皮肤纹理特征的皮肤分类算法

根据皮肤纹理的深浅、节点数及纹理粗细等主要特征,采用小波包及二维傅里叶变换分析方法和数学形态学分析法实现了皮肤的特征提取。利用小波包分解得到的空间频率信息对二值化纹理图像进行空域滤波去噪,利用基本竞争型人工神经网络进行纹理分类。结果表明,这一方法可获得较理想的分类结果。     

Adaptive image enhancement based on clustering of wavelet coefficients for infrared sea surveillance systems

Most of the techniques developed for infrared (IR) image enhancement (IE) depend heavily on the scene, environmental conditions, and the properties of the imaging system. So, with a set of predefined scenario properties, a content-based IR-IE technique can be developed for better situational awareness. This study proposes an adaptive IR-IE technique based on clustering of wavelet coefficients of an image for sea surveillance systems. Discrete wavelet transform (DWT) of an image is computed and feature vectors are constructed from subband images. Clustering operation is applied to group similar feature vectors that belong to different scene components such as target or background. Depending on the feature vectors, a weight is assigned to each cluster and these weights are used to compute gain matrices which are used to multiply wavelet coefficients for the enhancement of the original image. Enhancement results are presented and a comparison of the performance of the proposed algorithm is given through subjective tests with other well known frequency and histogram based enhancement techniques. The proposed algorithm outperforms previous ones in the truthfulness, detail visibility of the target, artificiality, and total quality criteria, while providing an acceptable computational load.     

透镜检测中复合自动对焦技术的研究及应用

针对光学透镜参数测量系统中的对焦问题,设计了一种粗精结合的复合自动对焦方案.在粗对焦过程中,选用全局图像的方差函数作为清晰度评价函数,用均值比较的爬山法实现焦面搜索,并用三点法判断初始对焦方向.在精对焦过程中,利用基于数学形态学的条件膨胀算法和形状因子提取目标图像,并以日标图像区域内的Brenner函数作为清晰度评价函...     

主振荡功率放大装置中的放大自发辐射效应和能量提取效率

 建立了放大自发辐射(ASE)和相干激光能流耦合的模型,使用迭代算法,计算了长方体形状放大级中的ASE能流和相干激光能流的分布以及放大级出口0.5 m处的ASE分布,并讨论了入射光强、饱和光强对输出功率及能量提取效率的影响。对于增益区呈长方体、增益系数沿流场方向呈抛物线分布的放大级的计算结果表明：输入光的存在不仅会降低放大级中ASE光强的大小,而且将改变ASE的分布,使放大级中ASE能流的极大值向入口处移动;在饱和光强一定的情况下,输出功率和能量提取效率将随着入射功率的增大而增大;在入射光强一定的情况下,输出功率将随着饱和光强的增大而增大,而能量提取效率将随着饱和光强的增大而减小。     

Resonant-cavity-enhanced photodetectors and LEDs in the mid-infrared

In this paper we outline the use of resonant-cavity enhancement for increasing the exterior coupling efficiency of photodetectors and light-emitting diodes (LEDs) in the mid-infrared (MIR) spectral region. This method is potentially very important in the MIR because encapsulation is not presently feasible due to the lack of suitable materials. Among other potential applications, resonant-cavity-enhanced (RCE) photodetectors and LEDs could be particularly suitable for greenhouse gas detection because of their ‘pre-tunable’ spectrally narrowed resonantly enhanced peaks. We also present the optical characterization of an InAs RCE photodetector aimed at the detection of methane gas (λ≈3.3 μm), and an InAs/InAs_0.91Sb_0.09 resonant-cavity LED (RCLED) aimed at carbon dioxide gas (λ≈4.2 μm). The high peak responsivity of the RCE photodetector was 34.7 A/W at λ=3.14 μm, and the RCLED peaked at λ=3.96 μm. These are among the longest operating wavelengths for III–V RCE photodetectors and RCLEDs reported in the literature.     

潜热型热功能流体强化换热分析

本文建立了分析带有相变微胶囊的潜热型热功能流体的流动和换热过程数理模型,应用有限差分法和移动热源法进行联合求解。计算结果表明,相变微胶囊的加入:较好地提高了流体的换热性能。获得了相变颗粒大小和体积分数对强化换热影响等结果。计算结果对该类流体的设计和应用提供了理论依据。