一类雨量预报准确性评价方法

给出了一种利用网格点的预报雨量来模拟区域内任一点预报雨量的方法,建立了预报雨量函数,进而得出预报雨量与实测雨量的整体偏方差的数学模型;利用QPF方法建立出准确率、预报效率、空报率、漏报率等评价预报方法优劣指标的数学模型,并对两种预报方法得出的数据进行了计算,得出上述模型中的数值如下:方案方法总体偏方差预报准确率漏报率空报率预报效率方法1 0.99987×10679.431%11.463%25.621%62.256%方法2 1.00518×10657.509%26.976%31.705%58.936%比较这些指标,可得第一种预报结果较好.     

红外运动小目标的检测

通过分析天空背景下红外运动小目标、噪音以及背景的特征,提出一种检测方法·首先利用向量小波变换对运动图像进行预处理;其次采用图像差分进行目标的粗检测,提取出候选目标;最后可根据运动目标和噪音的特征对候选目标进行识别,检测出真实的运动小目标·实验证明,该方法可有效检测天空背景下红外运动小目标·     

Meshless acoustic analysis using a weakly singular Burton-Miller boundary integral formulation

The Burton-Miller boundary integral formulation is solved by a complex variable boundary element-free method (CVBEFM) for the boundary-only meshless analysis of acoustic problems with arbitrary wavenumbers. To regularize both strongly singular and hypersingular integrals and to avoid the computation of the solid angle and its normal derivative, a weakly singular Burton-Miller formulation is derived by considering the normal derivative of the solid angle and adopting the singularity subtraction procedures. To facilitate the implementation of the CVBEFM and the approximation of gradients of the boundary variables, a stabilized complex variable moving least-square approximation is selected in the meshless discretization procedure. The results show the accuracy and efficiency of the present CVBEFM and reveal that the method can produce satisfactory results for all wavenumbers, even for extremely large wavenumbers such as k = 10 000.     

A control volume finite element method for three-dimensional three-phase flows

A novel control volume finite element method with adaptive anisotropic unstructured meshes is presented for three-dimensional three-phase flows with interfacial tension. The numerical framework consists of a mixed control volume and finite element formulation with a new P₁DG-P₂ elements (linear discontinuous velocity between elements and quadratic continuous pressure between elements). A “volume of fluid” type method is used for the interface capturing, which is based on compressive control volume advection and second-order finite element methods. A force-balanced continuum surface force model is employed for the interfacial tension on unstructured meshes. The interfacial tension coefficient decomposition method is also used to deal with interfacial tension pairings between different phases. Numerical examples of benchmark tests and the dynamics of three-dimensional three-phase rising bubble, and droplet impact are presented. The results are compared with the analytical solutions and previously published experimental data, demonstrating the capability of the present method.     

Evolution of vortices in the wake of an ARJ21 airplane: Application of the lift-drag model

Wake separation is crucial to aircraft landing safety and is an important factor in airport operational efficiency. The near-ground evolution characteristics of wake vortices form the foundation of the wake separation system design. In this study, we analysed the near-ground evolution of vortices in the wake of a domestic aircraft ARJ21 initialised by the lift-drag model using large eddy simulations based on an adaptive mesh. Evolution of wake vortices formed by the main wing, flap and horizontal tail was discussed in detail. The horizontal tail vortices are the weakest and dissipate rapidly, whereas the flap vortices are the strongest and induce the tip vortex to merge with them. The horizontal tail and flap of an ARJ21 do not significantly influence the circulation evolution, height change and movement trajectory of the wake vortices. The far-field evolution of wake vortices can therefore be analysed using the conventional wake vortex model.     

基于粒子滤波的运动目标光电定位仿真研究

运动目标的光电定位不能像静止目标那样简单做均值滤波,鉴于此,引入粒子滤波算法,它不仅可以应用于线性系统,而且还适用于非线性系统。结合光电定位需求,详细推导了计算公式及初值和参数选取公式,对只含测量噪声以及含有测量和运动噪声等的海面运动目标光电无源定位算法进行了仿真计算,验证了算法的有效性,讨论了噪声强度对滤波效果的影响,滤波参数选择对滤波效果的影响,目标运动方式对滤波跟随性的影响,重采样算法对滤波效果的影响等。所得结论为:粒子滤波可用于运动目标光电定位过程,可有效降低定位误差;粒子滤波算法具有较强鲁棒性,适用于噪声较大、目标运动形态变化大等情况。     

弹塑性摩擦接触问题形状设计灵敏度分析

提出了一种计算二维有限变形弹塑性摩擦接触问题形状设计灵敏度的算法. 采用主动集策略和mortar方法处理接触边线上的约束条件. 在mortar接触边线的切线和法线方向上采用相同的名义罚函数,提出基于名义罚函数的移动摩擦锥算法来正则化接触约束条件,发展了一种新的二维多体有限变形摩擦接触算法. 在此基础上, 通过将离散形式的摩擦接触问题控制方程对形状设计变量微分,得到了该路径相关问题的直接微分法解析设计灵敏度计算格式, 其节点位移灵敏度方程在每个增量步不用迭代、直接求解. 与国际上现有的二维多体有限变形摩擦接触问题的解析设计灵敏度算法相比,本算法不需分解为法向和切向推导,表达式较简洁,便于编程实现. 数值算例验证了算法的精度和有效性.      

自抗扰控制技术在捷联惯导动基座初始对准中的应用研究

提出并设计了应用自抗扰控制技术(ADRC)的捷联惯性系统动基座初始对准方案。通过数字仿真，将卡尔曼滤波与自抗扰控制的性能进行了详细的比较，证明该方法具有对准时间快，精度高，抗干扰能力强等特点。     

基于新型滤波器-HABF的SINS传递对准仿真

传统动基座传递对准主要采用扩展卡尔曼滤波技术。但在动基座传递对准的非线性、非高斯条件下,这种基于模型线性化和高斯假设的滤波方法在估计系统状态及其方差时误差较大且可能发散。混合退火粒子滤波针对非线性、非高斯系统状态的在线估计问题,提出一种新的基于序贯重要性抽样的粒子滤波算法。在滤波算法中,用状态参数分解和退火系数来产生重要性概率密度函数,此概率密度函数综合考虑了转移先验、似然、噪声的统计特性以及最新的观察数据,因此更接近于系统状态的后验概率。实验仿真结果表明,这种基于混合退火粒子滤波器不仅比扩展卡尔曼滤波提高了传递对准的精度,而且又比传统的粒子算法减少了时间。     

爆炸应力波与裂纹作用实验研究

为研究爆炸应力波与裂纹相互作用机理,利用透射式爆炸动态焦散线光学实验系统研究了预制水平静态裂纹和切缝药包炮孔爆破产生的水平运动裂纹受正入射爆炸动载作用后动态特性的变化规律。结果表明:正入射爆炸应力波与静止裂纹作用时,爆炸应力波P波使得裂纹先闭合后张开,S波在裂纹壁面形成波浪状散斑上下交替向外扩展;运动裂纹尖端应力场对静止裂纹的起裂和扩展有重要影响。后爆孔爆炸应力波对先爆孔产生的水平定向运动裂纹尖端动力学特性影响显著。当爆炸应力波与运动裂纹同向时,P波使得裂纹扩展速度和应力强度因子KI^d先减小后增大,S波促进了裂纹的扩展,波与裂纹作用之后,裂纹扩展速度增大;当爆炸应力波与运动裂纹反向时,P波抑制了运动裂纹的扩展,波与裂纹作用之后,裂纹扩展速度和应力强度因子KI^d均逐渐降低。