细菌视紫红质激发态动力学过程的实验与数值分析

本文采用差异吸收光谱法对化学增强型细菌视紫红质的状态变化进行了实验研究.发现在585 nm处明显存在一个稳定的中间过程.从分子动力学和实验出发,提出了一个适用于差异吸收光谱研究方法的数学模型,对菌紫质受激以后的动力学过程进行了模拟与数值分析.     

多孔氧化铝薄膜的纳米结构和光谱特性研究

利用阳极氧化的方法制备出几种表面结构和尺度不同的多孔氧化铝薄膜,用原子力显微镜扫描获得了这些薄膜表面的纳米结构图像,并采用光谱仪测定了它们的反射光谱。实验表明,平均孔径为26和39 nm的多孔氧化铝薄膜表面具有独特的反射光谱,在500至1 000 nm波长范围内呈周期性地密集峰—谷分布,峰—谷的密集度或数量取决于薄膜表面纳米结构的尺度。讨论了纳米结构尺度与反射光谱之间的相互关系,并给出了适当的解释。     

Vowel Intelligibility in Classical Singing

Vowel intelligibility during singing is an important aspect of communication during performance. The intelligibility of isolated vowels sung by Western classically trained singers has been found to be relatively low, in fact, decreasing as pitch rises, and it is lower for women than for men. The lack of contextual cues significantly deteriorates vowel intelligibility. It was postulated in this study that the reduced intelligibility of isolated sung vowels may be partly from the vowels used by the singers in their daily vocalises. More specifically, if classically trained singers sang only a few American English vowels during their vocalises, their intelligibility for American English vowels would be less than for those classically trained singers who usually vocalize on most American English vowels. In this study, there were 21 subjects (15 women, 6 men), all Western classically trained performers as well as teachers of classical singing. They sang 11 words containing 11 different American English vowels, singing on two pitches a musical fifth apart. Subjects were divided into two groups, those who normally vocalize on 4, 5, or 6 vowels, and those who sing all 11 vowels during their daily vocalises. The sung words were cropped to isolate the vowels, and listening tapes were created. Two listening groups, four singing teachers and five speech-language pathologists, were asked to identify the vowels intended by the singers. Results suggest that singing fewer vowels during daily vocalises does not decrease intelligibility compared with singing the 11 American English vowels. Also, in general, vowel intelligibility was lower with the higher pitch, and vowels sung by the women were less intelligible than those sung by the men. Identification accuracy was about the same for the singing teacher listeners and the speech-language pathologist listeners except for the lower pitch, where the singing teachers were more accurate.     

基于顺序形态变换的生物芯片图像网格化

生物芯片图像网格化是对由生物芯片扫描得到的荧光成像中的信号(Foreground)和背景(Background)进行划分,以便提取各点的吸光度值、面积和吸光度比等荧光点的数据。网格化的准确与否决定了数据提取的正确性。提出了一种运用顺序形态变换理论实现生物芯片荧光图像网格化的方法,通过对百分位值在0~1之间的顺序形态进行变换,可实现像素灰度的极小值、中间值等多刻度值的灰度取值运算。理论分析表明,该算法能够识别信号与背景的边界,可去除噪声等非边界信息,能判断信号区域,可确定荧光点的边界和范围,可实现荧光点阵图像的网格化。试验结果表明,该算法对不同信噪比的荧光图像来说有很强的适应性,可用于高密度生物芯片图像的处理。     

Nd∶NaR(WO_4)_2晶体生长(R=Bi,Y)

采用提拉法生长出了掺钕钨酸铋钠[Nd∶NaBi(WO4)2,简称Nd∶NBW]和掺钕钨酸钇钠[Nd∶NaY(WO4)2,简称Nd∶NYW]晶体,并给出了制备无开裂优质Nd∶NBW和Nd∶NYW晶体的最佳生长工艺参数。从XRD分析得到Nd∶NBW和Nd∶NYW晶体的晶胞参数,并分析了晶体的拉曼光谱,认为二者结构基本相同,为四方晶系、白钨矿结构、I41/a空间群。由吸收光谱可以看出,Nd∶NBW在802nm有较强的吸收峰,Nd∶NYW在804nm、752nm、586nm附近有较强、较宽的吸收峰,二者均适合于LD泵浦;计算了晶体中Nd3+的吸收截面积。     

An Example of Embedded Singular Continuous Spectrum for One-Dimensional Schrödinger Operators

We present a new example of a potential such that the corresponding Schrödinger operator in the halfaxis has singular continuous spectrum embedded in the absolutely continuous spectrum. The singular part is supported in an essentialy dense set. This generalizes a result of C. Remling [3].Mathematics Subject Classification: 34L40, 81Q10.     

Global symmetry breaking in the nonconserved order parameter system during phase ordering

We study global symmetry breaking in the 2D system of scalar nonconserved order parameter following a quench to zero temperature. We show that the instant of time when the symmetry is broken and the final morphology is chosen corresponds to the saturation of the order parameter inside the domains. There are three possible final morphologies: the positive and negative order parameter final morphology, and the state of the coexisting positive and negative order parameter subsystems with a flat interface between them. We find also that each type of the final morphology constitutes about 1/3 of all cases, what agrees with the results obtained recently by Spirin et al. [Phys. Rev. E 65, 016119 (2001)]. Our results are pertinent for the two dimensional systems, but we suspect that there is also a way to apply similar arguments for the three dimensional ones.     

Reference spectra of important adsorbed organic and inorganic phosphate binding forms for soil P speciation using synchrotron‐based K‐edge XANES spectroscopy

Direct speciation of soil phosphorus (P) by linear combination fitting (LCF) of P K‐edge XANES spectra requires a standard set of spectra representing all major P species supposed to be present in the investigated soil. Here, available spectra of free‐ and cation‐bound inositol hexakisphosphate (IHP), representing organic P, and of Fe, Al and Ca phosphate minerals are supplemented with spectra of adsorbed P binding forms. First, various soil constituents assumed to be potentially relevant for P sorption were compared with respect to their retention efficiency for orthophosphate and IHP at P levels typical for soils. Then, P K‐edge XANES spectra for orthophosphate and IHP retained by the most relevant constituents were acquired. The spectra were compared with each other as well as with spectra of Ca, Al or Fe orthophosphate and IHP precipitates. Orthophosphate and IHP were retained particularly efficiently by ferrihydrite, boehmite, Al‐saturated montmorillonite and Al‐saturated soil organic matter (SOM), but far less efficiently by hematite, Ca‐saturated montmorillonite and Ca‐saturated SOM. P retention by dolomite was negligible. Calcite retained a large portion of the applied IHP, but no orthophosphate. The respective P K‐edge XANES spectra of orthophosphate and IHP adsorbed to ferrihydrite, boehmite, Al‐saturated montmorillonite and Al‐saturated SOM differ from each other. They also are different from the spectra of amorphous FePO₄, amorphous or crystalline AlPO₄, Ca phosphates and free IHP. Inclusion of reference spectra of orthophosphate as well as IHP adsorbed to P‐retaining soil minerals in addition to spectra of free or cation‐bound IHP, AlPO₄, FePO₄ and Ca phosphate minerals in linear combination fitting exercises results in improved fit quality and a more realistic soil P speciation. A standard set of P K‐edge XANES spectra of the most relevant adsorbed P binding forms in soils is presented.     

Nd∶KY(WO4)2和Nd∶KG(WO4)2晶体吸收光谱性能分析

通过研究分析钨酸盐晶体Nd∶KY(WO₄)₂和Nd∶KG(WO₄)₂在室温下的吸收光谱，发现这2种晶体具有作为激光晶体的优良特性。根据Judd-Ofelt理论和测试所得的吸收光谱及数据，用VC++编程计算出晶体的谱线强度、振子强度、吸收截面等，拟合得Nd³⁺离子的3个晶场调节参数Ω_λ(λ=2，4，6)的值，并从理论上计算了自发跃迁几率、能级寿命、荧光分支比和积分发射截面。从计算得出的荧光分支比β可以看出，Nd∶KY(WO₄)₂(β_1060nm=0.4380)和Nd∶KG(WO₄)₂(β_1060nm=0.4618)晶体荧光分支比都较大，计算了该晶体的X=Ω₄/Ω₆，并将其X值与其他晶体的X值加以比较，Nd∶KY(WO₄)₂和Nd∶KG(WO₄)₂均易于实现1.06μm激光输出，适合作为LD泵浦的钨酸盐晶体激光器。     

355nm激光曝光SU-8胶的XPS谱和FT-IR谱研究

SU-8光胶因具有良好的光刻性能,并可获得稳定的高深宽比而在微加工领域得到了广泛的应用。众多研究采用不同的光源对其进行了多种光刻研究,本文应用355nm激光对SU-8胶进行曝光,分别采用XPS谱和FT-IR谱分析了SU-8胶与激光相互作用过程中,355nm激光对SU-8胶的作用以及反应前后主要成分含量、分子结构的变化,初步探讨了SU-8胶中激光曝光能量与透入深度的关系。