Investigations of the thermal stability and phase transformations in the system marocco phosphorite—(NH4)3H(SO4)2.NH4HSO4

Different physical chemical methods were used to study the thermochemical processes in a system involving a natural phosphate and complex acid salts of ammonium sulphate. The products of decomposition of the double ammonium salt and the products of their interactions with the phosphate were identified. The formation of ammonium and calcium polyphosphates and the disproportionation of P₃O ₁₀ ^5? and P₂O ₇ ^4? to PO ₄ ^3? and PO ₃ ^? were found to depend on the circumstances of the thermal interactions.     

Measurements and Utilization of Consistent Gibbs Energies of Transfer of Single Ions: Towards a Unified Redox Potential Scale for All Solvents

Utilizing the “ideal” ionic liquid salt bridge to measure Gibbs energies of transfer of silver ions between the solvents water, acetonitrile, propylene carbonate and dimethylformamide results in a consistent data set with a precision of 0.6 kJ mol⁻¹ over 87 measurements in 10 half-cells. This forms the basis for a coherent experimental thermodynamic framework of ion solvation chemistry. In addition, we define the solvent independent - and the values that account for the electronating potential of any redox system similar to the value of a medium that accounts for its protonating potential. This scale is thermodynamically well-defined enabling a straightforward comparison of the redox potentials (reducities) of all media with respect to the aqueous redox potential scale, hence unifying all conventional solvents′ redox potential scales. Thus, using the Gibbs energy of transfer of the silver ion published herein, one can convert and unify all hitherto published redox potentials measured, for example, against ferrocene, to the scale.     

Correlation between excess adsorption data measured for solvent mixture/adsorbent systems and RM values obtained for different solutes chromatographed in binary mobile phases

This paper concerns the application of excess adsorption isotherms, measured for solvent mixture/adsorbent systems, to the characterization of TLC data. For this purpose the excess adsorption isotherms for three liquid mixtures: cyclohexane/ benzene, benzene/acetone, and carbon tetrachloride/ethyl acetate on silica gel at 20°C have been measured. These mixtures have been used as binary mobile phases in TLC measurements. It has been shown for a given solute in binary mobile phase that the quantity R_M is a simple function of the excess adsorption. Parameters of this function have been used to characterize chromatographic systems with binary mobile phases.     

用三乙胺盐酸盐对酚醛环氧树脂开环合成水溶性感光高分子的研究

用三乙胺盐酸盐与酚醛环氧树脂开环反应合成了一种水溶性聚合物，研究了相转移催化剂、反应时间、反应温度、开环顺序等条件对反应程度的影响。研究了开环反应中丙烯酸及三乙胺盐酸盐与酚醛环氧树脂的比例对产物的水溶性及感兴性能的影响。     

盐卤硼酸盐化学 Ⅻ. MgO·3B2O3·7H2O的热行为和脱水动力学

通过对合成MgO·3B2O₃·7H₂O的热分析研究确定热脱水反应的阶段、温度和产物,给出脱水过程的热化学反应方程式.利用甲醇、水与三氧化二硼之间的酯化反应进行相分离,确定该化合物高温结晶化产物的物相组成为晶态六硼酸镁(2MgO·3B₂O₃)和无定形B₂O₃.对该化合物的TG和DTG数据进行处理结果,给出了相应的非等温热脱水反应动力学方程.     

Der Einfluß großer Salzkonzentrationen auf die Oxydationsreaktion von Fe(phen) 3 2+ mit Ce(IV) in Schwefelsäure

The influence of NaClO₄, NaCl and Na₂SO₄ on the oxidation of Fe(phen) ₃ ²⁺ by Ce(IV) was investigated by means of the stopped-flow method. At the concentrations range of NaClO₄ and NaCl 0.1–1.0M the rate constant values decrease from 1.03·10⁵ to 0.56·10⁵M^–1s^–1 and from 1.08·10⁵ to 0.81·10⁵M^–1s^–1 respectively.In varying concentrations of Na₂SO₄ solutions (0.05–0.35M) the rate constant values decrease from 1.05·10⁵M^–1s^–1 to 0.45·10⁵M^–1s^–1.Taking into account the negative salt effect the mechanism of the reaction progress is proposed.

     

Synthesis and crystal structure of inclusion compounds: Trans-9,10-dihydro-9,10-ethanoanthracene-11,12-dicarboxylic acid with boric acid and tetrabutylammonium salt

Two new inclusion compounds (n-C₄H₉)₄N⁺C₁₈-H₁₃O₄ ⁻·B(OH)₃ (1) and (n-C₄H₉)₄N⁺C₁₈H₁₃O₄ ⁻ (2) were prepared and characterized by X-ray crystallography. Crystal data: compound 1, monoclinic P2(1)/c, a = 1.569 9(1) nm, b = 0.995 5(6) nm, c = 2.293 3(1) nm, β = 109.962(3)°, Z = 4, and R ₁ = 0.0434, wR = 0.075 9; compound 2, monoclinic C2/c, a = 1.400 5(3) nm, b = 1,282 1(2) nm, c = 1.765 7(3) nm, β = 100.388(1)°, Z = 4, and R ₁ = 0.0584, wR = 0.096 6. In the crystal structure of 1, the tetramers formed by two trans-9,10-dihydro-9,10-ethanoanthracene-11,12-dicarboxylic acid (EADA) anions and two boric acid molecules were connected through O—H⋯O hydrogen bonds to generate a channel type host lattice. The tetra-n-butylammonium cations were stacked to give two columns within each channel with cross-sectional size of about 2.30 nm × 0.93 nm. In the crystal structure of 2, similar honeycomb host lattices with big size were also formed along the [101] direction by three-dimensional accumulation of EADA anions. The tetra-n-butylammonium cations were accommodated in a zigzag fashion within each channel. Translated from Acta Chimica Sinica, 2006, 64(18): 1904–1910 [译自: 化学学报]     

固定有四硫富瓦烯.四氰基奎诺二甲烷的杂聚吡咯膜微葡萄糖电极

铂比互铂化处理后，形成疏松，粗糙的表面，将四硫富瓦烯－四氰基奎诺二甲烷导电有机盐入到铂化的铂黑微粒中。将３－羰基丁酸吡咯与吡咯按适当的比例在其表面用电化学聚合方法，将葡萄糖氧化酶固定于聚合形成的杂聚膜中制成微酶电极。该微酶电极测定时几乎不受氧分压影响，灵敏度高，响应快。     

Relationship between the density of supercritical CO<Subscript>2</Subscript> + ethanol binary system and its critical properties

The dependent relation between temperature and pressure of supercritical CO₂+ ethanol binary system under the pressure range from 5 to 10 MPa with the variety of densities and mole fractions of ethanol that range from 0 to 2% was investigated by the static visual method in a constant volume. The critical temperature and pressure were experimentally determined simultaneously. The PTρ figures at different ethanol contents were described based on the determined pressure and temperature data, from which pressure of supercritical CO₂ + ethanol binary system was found to increase linearly with the increasing temperature. P-T lines show certain convergent feature in a specific concentration of ethanol and the convergent points shift to the region of higher temperature and pressure with the increasing ethanol compositions. Furthermore, the effect of density and ethanol concentration on the critical point of CO₂ + ethanol binary system was discussed in details. Critical points increase linearly with the increasing mole fraction of ethanol in specific density and critical points change at different densities. The critical compressibility factors Z_c of supercritical CO₂ + ethanol binary systems at different compositions of ethanol were calculated and Z _c -ρ figure was obtained accordingly. It was found from Z _c -ρ figure that critical compressibility factors of supercritical CO₂ unitary or binary systems decline linearly with the increasing density, by which the critical point can be predicted precisely.     

Binary mixtures of cyclohexanone, 2-butanone, 1,4-dioxane and 1,2-dimethoxyethane

Densities and sound velocities of binary mixtures of cyclohexanone, 2-butanone, 1,4-dioxane and 1,2-dimethoxyethane were measured at 298.15 K and also the densities at 303.15 K. Excess volumes were determined from densities. Isentropic compressibilities were determined from densities and sound velocities, and excess thermal expansion factors were determined from excess volumes of two temperatures. Excess isothermal compressibilities and excess isochoric heat capacities were then estimated using excess isobaric heat capacities previously reported. Excess volumes and excess isentropic and isothermal compressibilities were negative except for cyclohexanone+1,4-dioxane system. This revised version was published online in August 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.