Synthesis and characterization of dithienobenzothiadiazole-based donor–acceptor conjugated polymers for organic solar cell applications

New donor–acceptor conjugated polymers (P1 and P2) containing a fused-ring dithienobenzothiadiazole (DT-BTD building block) were synthesized by using the Stille copolymerization method. The synthesized polymers were characterized by ¹H NMR, GPC, and elemental analysis. The optical band gaps of the polymers were found to be 1.86 and 1.9 eV, respectively, as calculated from their film onset absorption edge. Upon annealing both produced a distinct shoulder peak in their film absorption spectra. The electrochemical studies of P1 and P2 revealed that the HOMO and LUMO energy levels of the polymer were −5.3, −5.1 eV, and −3.4, −3.2 eV, respectively. The polymers are thermally stable up to 250–350 °C.     

P3HT与CdTe纳米枝晶p-n异质结敏化ZnO纳米管阵列的光电化学研究

采用电化学方法首先在ITO导电玻璃上制备了一维有序ZnO纳米管阵列,然后在ZnO纳米管阵列上采用电化学方法沉积纳米枝状CdTe,形成了纳米枝状CdTe包覆ZnO纳米管的CdTe@ZnO壳核式复合结构,最后在上述复合结构中旋涂一层P3HT薄膜形成P3HT包覆的P3HT@CdTe@ZnO复合薄膜. 以此复合薄膜为光活性层组装成半导体敏化太阳电池,研究了该类电池的光电转换性能,对该电池的工作原理进行初步研究,所得太阳电池能量转换效率最高达到1.38%.     

Improved staining of phosphoproteins with high sensitivity in polyacrylamide gels using Stains‐All

An improved Stains‐All (ISA) staining method for phosphoproteins in SDS‐PAGE was described. Down to 0.5–1 ng phosphoproteins (α‐casein, β‐casein, or phosvitin) can be successfully selectively detected by ISA stain, which is approximately 120‐fold higher than that of original Stains‐All stain, but is similar to that of commonly used Pro‐Q Diamond stain. Furthermore, unlike the original Stains‐All protocol that was time consuming and light unstable, ISA stain could be completed within 60 min without resorting to protect the gels from light during the whole staining procedure. According to the results, it is concluded that ISA stain is a rapid, sensitive, specific, and economic staining method for a broad application to the research of phosphoproteins.     

Microengineered PEG Hydrogels: 3D Scaffolds for Guided Cell Growth

Designing three‐dimensional (3D) scaffolds for selective manipulation of cell growth is of high relevance for applications in regenerative medicine. Especially, scaffolds with oriented morphologies bear high potential to guide the restoration of specific tissues. The fabrication of hydrogel scaffolds that support long‐term survival, proliferation, and unidirectional growth of embedded cells is presented here. Parallel channel structures are introduced into the bulk hydrogels by uniaxial freezing, providing stable, and uniform porosity suitable for cell invasion (pore diameters of 5–15 µm). In vitro assessment of the scaffolds with murine fibroblasts (NIH L929) shows a remarkable unidirectional movement along the channels, with the cells traveling several millimeters through the hydrogel.

     

钙钛矿ABX3型材料的结构与性质调控

近年来,钙钛矿太阳能电池由于其效率高、制造成本低、工艺简单等特点受到广泛关注,成为目前太阳能电池领域的研究热点。在钙钛矿太阳能电池中,无机-有机杂化ABX₃材料非常重要。它既作为光吸收材料,同时又作为载流子传输材料,因此它的光电性质直接影响到太阳能电池的效率。本文综述了调控钙钛矿型无机有机金属卤化物ABX₃结构和性质的几种途径。     

化学浴沉积方法制备硫化铟敏化太阳电池及其性能研究

硫化铟是一种稳定、低毒性的半导体材料. 本文采用低成本的化学浴沉积方法制备了硫化铟敏化太阳电池, X射线衍射(XRD)、光电子能谱(XPS)和扫描电镜(SEM)结果表明形成了硫化铟敏化的二氧化钛薄膜. 化学浴沉积温度对所得硫化铟敏化薄膜的形貌有显著的影响, 进而影响电池性能. 温度太低时, 化学浴沉积反应速率太低, 只发生少量沉积; 温度太高时, 化学浴沉积反应速率较快, 硫化铟来不及沉积到二氧化钛多孔薄膜内部. 当温度在40℃时, 硫化铟沉积均匀性最好, 薄膜的光吸收性能最佳, 电池的短路电流最大, 另外, 填充因子达到最佳, 为65%, 电池总体光电转换效率为0.32%.     

Influence of NaCl on Cathode Performance of Solid Oxide Fuel Cells

Degradation induced by sodium chloride in air was investigated for (La_0.8Sr_0.2)_0.98MnO₃(LSM) and La_0.6Sr_0.4Co_0.2Fe_0.8O₃(LSCF) cathodes in solid oxide fuel cells(SOFC). Cell performance was measured by volatilizing NaCl to be supplied to the cathode at a constant current density of 200 mA/cm² for up to 100 h. At 800 ℃, an exposure of the cathode to 30 mg/L NaCl caused negligible degradation of LSM at least for 100 h. Slight change in the composition of the cathode materials was observed which may imply the gradual degradation of cell performance for the long-term. In addition, cell performance degradation was compared between 700 ℃ and 900 ℃, being poisoned by 30 mg/L NaCl. Degradation was negligible for LSM cathode, while LSCF cathode showed slightly poor tolerance at 700 ℃ due to the decomposition of the cathode material. Further studies should be done to clarify the long-term influence of NaCl on cathode performance.     

The electrocatalytic behavior of electrodeposited Ni–Mo–P alloy films towards ethanol electrooxidation

Ternary Ni–Mo–P thin films have been electrodeposited from citrate‐based electrolyte onto graphite substrates for application as anode catalysts for ethanol electrooxidation. The operating deposition parameters were optimized to produce Ni–Mo–P alloy films of outstanding catalytic activity. The phase structure of the deposits was evaluated employing X‐ray diffraction technique. Morphology and chemical composition of the deposited alloy films were studied using scanning electron microscopy and energy‐dispersive X‐ray analysis, respectively. The results demonstrated that the rate of Ni–Mo–P deposition increases with increasing the ammonium molybdate concentration in the plating electrolyte up to 10 g l^?1. Also, the amount of Mo in the deposits increases with increasing the ammonium molybdate concentration up to 7.5 g l^?1, and the maximum Mo content in the film was 9.1 at.%. The catalytic activity of Ni–Mo–P/C alloy films has been evaluated towards electrooxidation of ethanol in 1.0 M NaOH solution by using cyclic voltammetry and chronoamperometry. The catalytic performance of the prepared anodes as a function of the amount of Mo was studied. The results showed an increase in the oxidation peak current density of ethanol with increasing the Mo at.% in the deposited alloy films. Additionally, Ni–Mo–P/C electrodes displayed significantly improved catalytic activity and stability towards electrooxidation of ethanol compared with that of Ni–P/C electrode. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Pt 含量对Co@Pt/C核壳结构催化剂性能的影响

采用两步还原法制得Co@Pt/C核壳结构催化剂, 其中Co与Pt 的总质量分数为20%. 通过改变金属前驱体的用量, 制备了不同Co:Pt 原子比的Co@Pt/C 催化剂, 以20% (w) Co@Pt(1:1)/C 与20% (w) Co@Pt(1:3)/C 表示. 采用透射电镜(TEM)、光电子射线能谱分析(XPS)、循环伏安(CV)、线性扫描伏安(LSV)等方法考察了其结构与性能, 并与实验室早先制备的40% (w) Co@Pt/C 催化剂进行了比较. 自制20% Co@Pt(1:1)/C 与20% Co@Pt(1:3)/C 催化剂的金属颗粒直径约为2.2-2.3 nm, 在碳载体上分散均匀, 粒径分布范围较窄, 电化学活性比表面积(ECSA)分别为56 和60 m²·g^-1, 均超过商用催化剂20% Pt/C(E-tek) (ECSA=54 m²·g^-1). 20%Co@Pt(1:1)/C 与20% Co@Pt(1:3)/C 的半波电位相较于40% Co@Pt(1:1)/C 和40% Co@Pt(1:3)/C 均向正向移动, 表现出更好的氧还原(ORR)催化活性, 并有望降低催化剂的成本, 在质子交换膜燃料电池领域表现出良好的应用前景.