新型双间隙虚阴极振荡器的理论分析和数值模拟

 该新型双间隙虚阴极振荡器的互作用区为一带孔金属薄膜隔开的两个圆柱形谐振腔;器件采用侧向提取同轴输出的方法,具有输出效率高和输出模式纯的优点;第一阳极薄膜采用了局部薄膜结构。对互作用腔进行冷腔分析,计算得到互作用腔Ⅰ和Ⅱ的品质因子分别为6 960和71.8,共振频率为2.3 GHz。当电子束电压为515 kV、电流为10 kA时,通过参数优化,模拟得到周期平均峰值功率大于570 MW、频率约2.4 GHz的微波输出,效率达到11%。模拟还发现电子束的最佳阻抗值约为51.5 W;电子束的输入功率在较大范围内变化时,器件的输出效率保持大于10%;在一定的范围内,器件的输出效率随电子束密度的增加而增加。对器件中由于电子能量沉积而引起的阳极膜的温升进行了估算,得到膜的最高温度为434 K,远低于熔点933 K。     

同轴插板式相移器数值模拟与实验研究

 根据同轴插板式相移器的基本工作原理,对该相移器进行了数值模拟与优化设计,并重点研究了其结构工艺和相移控制方式。在此基础上研制了一个中心频率为4.1 GHz的相移器模型,并通过矢量网络分析仪进行了实验测量。测量结果表明：在4.0～4.2 GHz的频带范围内,该相移器可实现90°的相移量,相移量化精度为1°,相移精度为±１０°,相移器插损1.5 dB。     

回旋速调管双阳极磁控注入电子枪的设计与优化

 根据8 mm回旋速调管放大器对双阳极磁控注入电子枪的要求,分析了电极形状、阳极电压、磁场、注电流对电子注横纵速度比和速度零散的影响,并进行了粒子模拟。分析表明：这些因素可归根为电场和磁场的作用,阴极附近高的电场有助于提高横纵速度比和降低速度零散;而高的磁场及低的磁压缩比将降低横纵速度比,但对速度零散影响无明显规律。在此基础上通过优化电极形状、磁场分布、电流、第一阳极电压和第二阳极电压,模拟并试制出工作电压65 kV、电流12 A、磁场1.4 T的双阳极电子枪,得到的横纵速度比值为1.4,横向速度零散为4.5%, 为8 mm回旋速调管提供了稳定高质量的电子注。     

强流同步双阴极二极管电子束模拟与诊断

 高同步性的多电子束能够驱动产生有利于实现相位控制的多束微波,是高功率微波功率合成的关键技术。对单台加速器驱动强流同步双阴极二极管进行了模拟,在二极管阻抗约10 W,输入电压442.6 kV条件下,获得了总功率大于20 GW、总束流为47.6 kA、同步时间差小于6 ns的双电子束。开展了轰击不锈钢目击靶实验和同步双电子束诊断实验,双阴极材料为不锈钢,单个阴极长30 mm,两阴极中心间距为100 mm,阴极发射面采用天鹅绒,单阴极半径为20 mm,在阴阳极最大电压为442.8 kV时,束流峰值总和为48.78 kA,双束流同步时间差保持在4~6 ns范围内,实验结果与模拟符合较好。     

Conventional vs. Microwave- or Mechanically-Assisted Synthesis of Dihomooxacalix[4]arene Phthalimides: NMR,X-ray and Photophysical Analysis §

Direct O-alkylation of p-tert-butyldihomooxacalix[4]arene (1) with N-(bromopropyl)- or N-(bromoethyl)phthalimides and K₂CO₃ in acetonitrile was conducted under conventional heating (reflux) and using microwave irradiation and ball milling methodologies. The reactions afforded mono- and mainly distal di-substituted derivatives in the cone conformation, in a total of eight compounds. They were isolated by column chromatography, and their conformations and the substitution patterns were established by NMR spectroscopy (¹H, ¹³C, COSY and NOESY experiments). The X-ray structures of four dihomooxacalix[4]arene phthalimide derivatives (2a, 3a, 3b and 5a) are reported, as well as their photophysical properties. The microwave (MW)-assisted alkylations drastically reduced the reaction times (from days to less than 45 min) and produced higher yields of both 1,3-di-substituted phthalimides (3a and 6a) with higher selectivity. Ball milling did not reveal to be a good method for this kind of reaction.     

Development of a Novel Microwave Distillation Technique for the Isolation of Cannabis sativa L. Essential Oil and Gas Chromatography Analyses for the Comprehensive Characterization of Terpenes and Terpenoids,Including Their Enantio-Distribution

A microwave distillation method was optimized for the extraction and isolation of cannabis essential oil from fresh and dried hemp inflorescences. The developed method enabled us to obtain a distilled product rich in terpenes and terpenoid compounds, responsible of the typical and unique smell of the cannabis plant. The distillate from different hemp cultivars, including Kompolti, Futura 75, Carmagnola, Felina 32 and Finola were characterized by using a gas chromatograph equipped with both mass spectrometer and flame ionization detectors. In a single chromatographic run, the identity and absolute amounts of distilled compounds were determined. Peak assignment was established using a reliable approach based on the usage of two identification parameters, named reverse match, and linear retention index filter. Absolute quantification (mg g⁻¹) of the analytes was performed using an internal standard method applying the flame ionization detector (FID) response factors according to each chemical family. An enantio-GC-MS method was also developed in order to evaluate the enantiomeric distribution of chiral compounds, an analytical approach commonly utilized for establishing the authenticity of suspicious samples.     

Research on the ions' axial temperature of a sympathetically-cooled 113Cd+ ion crystal

Molecular dynamics simulation of a sympathetically-cooled ¹¹³Cd⁺ ion crystal system is achieved. Moreover, the relationship between ions' axial temperature and different electric parameters, including radio frequency voltage and end-cap voltage is depicted. Under stable trapping condition, optimum radio frequency voltage, corresponding to minimum temperature and the highest cooling efficiency, is obtained. The temperature is positively correlated with end-cap voltage. The relationship is also confirmed by a sympathetically-cooled ¹¹³Cd⁺ microwave clock. The pseudo-potential model is used to illustrate the relationship and influence mechanism. A reasonable index, indicating ions' temperature, is proposed to quickly estimate the relative ions' temperature. The investigation is helpful for ion crystal investigation, such as spatial configuration manipulation, sympathetic cooling efficiency enhancement, and temporal evolution.     

预脉冲对相对论磁控管工作性能的影响分析

在阐述预脉冲产生的基础上,分析了预脉冲带来的一系列影响,包括工和电压波形变化,提前生成等离子体,以及预脉冲阶段放大竞争模式等,这些影响与相对论磁控管起振工作频率相联系,从而直接造成了相对论磁控管的基本性能参数,如脉宽、工作频率及输出功率等变化。结合具体实验,对比了有、无预脉冲条件下相对论磁控管工作性能的差异,对预脉冲的影响因素与相对论磁控管性能之间的联系进行了详细的分析。     

电子回旋共振微波等离子体技术及应用

电子回旋共振微波等离子体技术(ECR-MP)在表面处理、等离子体刻蚀和薄膜制备,尤其是高品质的激光惯性约束聚变薄膜靶的制备中有着重要的应用。综述了ECR-MP的基本原理、反应装置、实验研究、理论研究和应用情况的发展现状,同时分析了其今后可能的发展趋势。     

径向渡越时间振荡器的数值模拟

用2.5维PIC程序对径向渡越时间振荡器进行了数值模拟,给出了产生微波的详细物理图像,得出了输出微波功率与提取口大小、腔的径向间距、场模式之间的关系。模拟得到了峰值功率约500MW,频率5GHz的TEM1波,起振时间15ns,峰值效率大于30%。