苯乙烯/丙烯酸正丁酯乳液聚合反应过程中残余单体含量的实时监测

采用近红外光谱分析技术在线测量苯乙烯(St)/丙烯酸正丁酯(BA)乳液聚合体系中残余单体的含量. 共设计9个半连续方式的St/BA乳液共聚反应, 在反应过程中实时取样测量其残余单体含量, 并记录取样时刻对应的聚合体系的近红外光谱. 采用多元散射校正法(MSC)处理光谱, 有效地克服了乳胶粒子散射效应对近红外光谱分析的影响. 采用主成分分析法(PCA)对乳液体系的近红外光谱数据进行了解析. 选取6个聚合反应对应不同反应时间的72个样品, 用于建立校正模型, 另外3个聚合反应共取36个样品用于校正模型的验证, 并在反应设计上体现了乳化剂用量的变化, 从而使校正模型对乳化剂用量的变化具有一定的适应性. 研究结果表明, 所得模型对残余单体St和BA含量的预测结果标准差(SEP)分别为0.08026和0.05305.     

基于独立组分分析和BP神经网络的可见/近红外光谱蜂蜜品牌的鉴别

提出了一种基于独立组分分析的可见/近红外光谱透射技术快速鉴别蜂蜜品牌的新方法。用独立组分分析方法获取蜂蜜的可见/近红外光谱载荷图,将载荷图中相关性最大的波段,作为人工神经网络的输入建立蜂蜜品牌的鉴别模型。建立了一个三层的BP神经网络模型,各层传递函数采用S型(Sigmoid)函数,并设置网络输入层节点数为9,隐含层节点数为10,输出层节点数为3。每个品牌25个样本,3个品牌共75个样本,用来建立BP神经网络模型,剩余的3个品牌各５个样本用于预测,鉴别准确率达100%,模型的拟合残差为8.245 365×10-5。说明基于独立组分分析的方法具有很好的鉴别效果,为蜂蜜的品牌鉴别提供了一种新方法。     

乙二醛诱导细胞凋亡的近红外表面增强拉曼光谱

将60 nm金纳米粒子导入到活的人骨肉瘤细胞中, 用近红外表面增强拉曼散射(SERS)技术获取细胞内化学成分的高分辨SERS信息. 对正常活性细胞和乙二醛诱导的凋亡细胞的比较研究表明, 对于正常活性的细胞, 金纳米探针主要分布在细胞质内(围绕细胞核), 而凋亡细胞内的金纳米探针的分布较为均匀, 在遍布凋亡细胞内的各个位置包括细胞表面均容易找到DNA片段的信息.     

微波烧结Al_2O_3陶瓷的研究

简要介绍了微波烧结的特点,对 Ａｌ２ Ｏ３ 陶瓷的微波烧结过程进行了介绍和分析,并同常规烧结进行了对比实验,在此基础上得出了一些结论,为陶瓷微波烧结提供了实验依据     

不同采收期滇龙胆的红外光谱鉴别研究

采收是中药生产的重要环节,采收时间直接影响中药质量和产量,是中医临床安全有效用药的前提,开展中药适时采收期的研究具有重要意义和应用价值。采用傅里叶变换红外光谱法对72份不同采收期的滇龙胆进行鉴别研究,用TQ8.0软件对原始光谱进行一阶导数(first derivative,FD)、二阶导数(second derivative,SD)、标准正态变量(standard normal variate,SNV)、多元散射校正(multiplicative scatter correction,MSC)和平滑(savitaky-golay filter,SG)预处理,样品按3∶1分为校正集和预测集,同时建立主成分分析(principal component analysis,PCA)和偏最小二乘判别分析(partial least square discriminant analysis,PLS-DA)模型。结果显示,选取1 800~600cm~(-1)波段范围的光谱,去除光谱噪音;SNV结合二阶导数光谱和SG(15,3)平滑,预处理结果满意。主成分分析表明,前三个主成分方差贡献率为92.47%,5月、9月和10月份采收的样品差异较小。偏最小二乘判别分析建立判别模型,决定系数R2和校正均方根误差(RMSEE)分别为0.967 8和0.086 0,可对18个预测集样品进行准确分类。红外光谱法结合主成分分析、偏最小二乘判别分析对不同采收期滇龙胆的分类和判别效果较好,为不同采收期的中药鉴别提供理论依据。     

同轴引出相对论返波管

 提出一种新型相对论返波管 同轴引出相对论返波管结构。首先,利用KARAT软件对这种结构进行了2.5维全电磁粒子数值模拟,经过参数调整,输出的微波脉冲功率为2.0GW,微波频率为9.28 GHz,转换效率达45%。并在模拟中对电子束与电磁波的作用过程进行了跟踪和分析;然后利用SUPERFISH软件对此结构中的场分布进行了计算,结合PIC模拟结果,初步证明了由于内导体的引入改变了返波管末端的反射,有利于电子束与电磁波的能量交换。     

Temperature Effects on Attenuation Due to Rain for Millimeter and Centimeter Waves

Radio wave operating in millimetrewave and microwave frequency bands are adversely affected due to rain. Particularly the attenuation is of immense significance for sensitive remote measurements by satellites using frequencies greater than 10 GHz. Maintenance of an uninterrupted communication link requires a precise knowledge of the attenuation effect due to rain for commissioning right kind of transmitting sources for various purposes required in present day situation. Precise measurement of attenuation at various frequencies will enable us to choose the right frequency, polarization, incident angle and power of the source for different purposes. In this paper we have compared the results of earlier works using aR^b Olsen et al, (1) and the formulation by Moupfouma, (2) on the basis of theoretical analysis for explaining the observed results. Effect of temperature, considered in detail in this communication, has contributed the necessary correction factor of the rain attenuation for explaining the observed results. Theoretical analyses to measure the attenuation of the propagating wave due to temperature variation in the rain path have been presented. Correction factor due to temperature profile (temperature from the ground to the rain height within which the radio wave traces its path) has been incorporated in two models by using the concept of dipole energy changes. The effect of this temperature is noted to be quite significant and incorporates an error to the extent of 7–8%.     

汽车整车非线性动力计算

通过轿车副车架橡胶支承的动态特性试验和理论分析,实现橡胶支承迟滞特性的数学建模和参数识别。利用所建模型重构恢复力-位移迟滞回线,并与试验结果比较表明所建模型的正确性。介绍了具有线性和非线性连接子结构的自由界面模态综合法的基本原理,并采用该方法建立了考虑副车架橡胶支承迟滞特性的整车非线性动力学模型,用所建模型对汽车动力特性进行了数值仿真,并通过试验对仿真结果进行验证。     

Discriminant Analysis of the Nutritional Components between Organic Eggs and Conventional Eggs: A 1H NMR-Based Metabolomics Study

The difference of nutrient composition between organic eggs and conventional eggs has always been a concern of people. In this study, ¹H nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) technique combined with multivariate statistical analyses was conducted to identify the metabolite different in egg yolk and egg white in order to reveal the nutritional components information between organic and conventional eggs. The results showed that the nutrient content and composition characteristics were different between organic and conventional eggs, among which the content of glucose, putrescine, amino acids and their derivatives were found higher in the organic eggs yolk, while phospholipids were demonstrated higher in conventional eggs yolk. Organic acid, alcohol, amine, choline and amino acids were higher in conventional eggs white, but glucose and lactate in organic egg were higher. Our study demonstrated that there are more nutritive components and higher nutritional value in organic eggs than conventional eggs, especially for the growth and development of infants and young children, and conventional eggs have more advantages in promoting lipid metabolism, preventing fatty liver, and reducing serum cholesterol. Eggs have important nutritional value to human body, and these two kinds of eggs can be selected according to the actual nutrient needs.     

Spin Transport in a Rashba Ring-Quantum Dot System Pumped by Microwave Fields

We report a theoretical study on producing electrically spin-polarized current in the Rashba ring with parallel double dots embedded, which are subject to two time-dependent microwave fields. By means of the Keldysh Green's function method, we present an analytic result of the pumped current at adiabatic limit and demonstrate that the interplay between the quantum pumping effectand spin-dependent quantum interference can lead to an arbitrarily controllable spin-polarized current in the device. The magnitude and direction of the charge and spin current can be effectively modulated by system parameters such as the pumping phase difference, Rashba precession phase, and the dynamic phase difference of electron traveling in two arms of ring; moreover, thespin-polarization degree of the charge current can also be tuned in the range [-∞, +∞]. Our findings may shed light on the all-electric way to produce the controllable spin-polarized charge current in the field of spintronics.