一种温敏型超大孔生物分离介质的制备及表征

采用改性琼脂糖对超大孔聚苯乙烯微球进行亲水化修饰(Agap-PS),通过酰基化反应在微球表面引入溴乙酰基(Agap-PS-Br),然后利用原子转移自由基聚合(ATRP)反应在Agap-PS-Br表面接枝温敏聚合物刷,得到一种温敏型超大孔生物分离介质(Agap-PS-PNIPAM).考察了配体、催化剂、溶剂和温度对N-异丙基丙烯酰胺ATRP反应的影响,在优化条件下PNIPAM的接枝量达到了15.07 mg/m2.采用红外光谱(FTIR)、扫描电镜(SEM)、压汞分析、激光共聚焦和蛋白吸附等手段对温敏型超大孔生物分离介质进行一系列表征,结果表明接枝温敏聚合物刷后Agap-PS-PNIPAM具有良好的温敏性,没有堵塞微球的超大孔,微球对蛋白的非特异性吸附大大降低.由于温敏聚合物刷发生了从亲水到疏水构象的转变,40℃时Agap-PS-PNIPAM对蛋白的吸附量是25℃时的2.69倍.压力流速实验表明Agap-PS-PNIPAM柱具有背压低、渗透性和机械稳定性好的优点,同样地由于PNIPAM链在40℃时收缩,此时Agap-PS-PNIPAM柱的床层渗透系数比25℃时提高了15.7％.     

Controlling coffee ring structure on hydrophobic polymer surface by manipulating wettability with O2 plasma

A simple and novel method is firstly reported for controlling coffee ring structure on polystyrene (PS) film surface by O₂ plasma. O₂ plasma treatment leads to the wettability change of PS surface from hydrophobic to hydrophilic. For hydrophilic PS surface the coffee ring structure is avoided relying on the motion of contact line (CL) while SiO₂ microspheres are left. The motion of the CL is produced based on the viscosity and Marangoni effect with the addition of polymer additives. For hydrophobic PS surface coffee ring structure still persists even with polymer additives because SiO₂ microspheres transfer with the motion of the CL at the beginning of droplet evaporation and accumulate at the droplet edge at late stage with the pinning of the CL. As a result, uniform and macroscale SiO₂ microspheres deposition without coffee ring structure and SiO₂ microspheres deposition with coffee ring structure are controlled by O₂ plasma. This method provides a new way to tune coffee ring structure with smart surface and may be potentially useful for a range of application at material deposition and diagnosing diseases.     

A novel enzyme-mimic nanosensor based on quantum dot-Au nanoparticle@silica mesoporous microsphere for the detection of glucose

QD-Au NP@silica mesoporous microspheres have been fabricated as a novel enzyme-mimic nanosensor. CdTe quantum dots (QDs) were loaded into the core, and Au nanoparticles (NPs) were encapsulated in the outer mesoporous shell. QDs and Au NPs were separated in the different space of the nanosensor, which prevent the potential energy or electron transfer process between QDs and Au NPs. As biomimetic catalyst, Au NPs in the mesoporous silica shell can catalytically oxidize glucose as glucose oxidase (GOx)-mimicking. The resultant hydrogen peroxide can quench the photoluminescence (PL) signal of QDs in the microsphere core. Therefore the nanosensor based on the decrease of the PL intensity of QDs was established for the glucose detection. The linear range for glucose was in the range of 5–200 μM with a detection limit (3σ) of 1.32 μM.     

Photochemical preparation of CdS hollow microspheres at room temperature and their use in visible-light photocatalysis

CdS hollow microspheres have been successfully prepared by a photochemical preparation technology at room temperature, using polystyrene latex particles as templates, CdSO₄ as cadmium source and Na₂S₂O₃ as both sulphur source and photo-initiator. The process involved the deposition of CdS nanoparticles on the surface of polystyrene latex particles under the irradiation of an 8 W UV lamp and the subsequent removal of the latex particles by dispersing in dichloromethane. Photochemical reactions at the sphere/solution interface should be responsible for the formation of hollow spheres. The as-prepared products were characterized by X-ray diffraction, transmission electron microscopy and scanning electron microscopy. Such hollow spheres could be used in photocatalysis and showed high photocatalytic activities in photodegradation of methyl blue (MB) in the presence of H₂O₂. The method is green, simple, universal and can be extended to prepare other sulphide and oxide hollow spheres.     

Tris(hydroxymethyl)aminomethane-modified magnetic microspheres for rapid affinity purification of lysozyme

A novel affinity purification method for lysozyme (LZM) based on functionalized magnetic microspheres was developed. Tris(hydroxymethyl)aminomethane (Tris)-modified magnetic microspheres with specific affinity toward LZM were prepared using Tris as ligand and silica-coated magnetic microshperes as support. Transmission electron microscopy and magnetic property measurement results showed that the Tris-modified magnetic microspheres have a very good core-shell structure and high magnetization.The maximum binding capacity of LZM was about 108.6 mg/g magnetic microspheres. LZM purified from chicken egg white had high purity and well-maintained activity of 8140 U/mg. This magnetic-mediated LZM purification strategy has advantages of high efficiency, low cost and easy operation.     

形貌转录法制备Ag-P(AM-co-MAA)复合微球

以反相悬浮聚合技术合成的丙烯酰胺(AM)和甲基丙烯酸(MAA)共聚高分子微凝胶P(AM-co-MAA)为模板,结合反胶束法制备得到Ag3PO4-P(AM-co-MAA)复合微球,并将其分散于乙醇溶剂中通过化学还原Ag3PO4-P(AM-co-MAA)复合微球制备得到粒径为几十微米,具有表面图案,且结构为核-壳型的Ag-P(AM-co-MAA)复合微球材料.能量散射X射线(EDX)谱表明壳化学组成以金属银为主,核以高分子模板为主;扫描电子显微镜(SEM)观察结果表明银-高分子复合微球的表面形貌与其前驱体类似,且可以通过选择模板、改变模板组成、调整金属难溶银盐沉积量等因素加以调控;X射线衍射(XRD)分析表明前驱体复合微球表面Ag3PO4全部转化为单质银.生物抗菌实验表明该类微球材料对大肠杆菌、金黄色葡萄球菌均具有较强的抑制作用.     

磷酸钙料浆性质对雾化干燥羟基磷灰石微球的影响

以甲烷火焰为干燥介质,将3种不同性质的磷酸钙料浆利用火焰-雾化干燥法制备出不同形态和性能的羟基磷灰石(HA)微球。对比分析了料浆成分、温度、结晶程度等参数对所得HA微球形貌、相组成、结晶度、比表面积以及孔隙分布等的影响。结果表明,料浆中的氨水在雾化干燥过程中会聚集突释,得到具有“爆破状”开口的形态的HA微球。低温并且结晶程度较低的磷酸钙料浆经过火焰-雾化快速干燥后,得到结构松散、结晶度较低、比表面积及孔体积较大的HA微球,说明料浆的性质将会直接影响火焰-雾化干燥后HA微球的特性。     

Effects of cosolvent on formation and morphology of microspheres in precipitation polymerization of divinylbenzene in supercritical carbon dioxide

Precipitation polymerizations of divinylbenzene(DVB) in pure supercritical carbon dioxide,and parallel runs with presence of a cosolvent were carried out.The results showed that use of acetone as the cosolvent contributed greatly to the formation of the monodisperse microspheres.PDVB microspheres,with obviously higher uniformity than reported up to date,were achieved using 6-7 mL of acetone in a reactor of 50 mL with DVB concentration of 0.4 mol/L under 16 MPa,a much lower pressure than previously reported without use of cosolvent.     

超声悬浮共聚法制备聚合物微球及其形态

采用超声粉碎和悬浮聚合法,以甲基丙烯酸甲酯、苯乙烯为主单体,过氧化苯甲酰为引发剂,颜料黄74为着色剂,合成了彩色聚合物微球。光学显微镜以及扫描电镜的观察和分析表明：利用超声粉碎法可使聚合物微球的粒径从几百微米降低到几微米;热熔融后,聚合物微球内包覆了细小的颜料颗粒。