Complementarity controversy in wave-particle duality revisited

On the face of some recent experiments claiming the simultaneous presence of both ‘sharp interference’ and ‘highly reliable which way information’ and some others casting light on the origin of complementarity in quantum interferometric experiments, the whole issue is reviewed on the basis of our earlier precise formulation of Bohr’s complementarity principle. It is pointed out that contradicting the principle (in this specific formulation) is impossible without contradicting quantum mechanics and a lack of general consensus regarding the origin of the mutual exclusiveness is at the root of the controversy and confusions.      

Random matrix theory of singular values of rectangular complex matrices I: Exact formula of one-body distribution function in fixed-trace ensemble

The fixed-trace ensemble of random complex matrices is the fundamental model that excellently describes the entanglement in the quantum states realized in a coupled system by its strongly chaotic dynamical evolution [see H. Kubotani, S. Adachi, M. Toda, Phys. Rev. Lett. 100 (2008) 240501]. The fixed-trace ensemble fully takes into account the conservation of probability for quantum states. The present paper derives for the first time the exact analytical formula of the one-body distribution function of singular values of random complex matrices in the fixed-trace ensemble. The distribution function of singular values (i.e. Schmidt eigenvalues) of a quantum state is so important since it describes characteristics of the entanglement in the state. The derivation of the exact analytical formula utilizes two recent achievements in mathematics, which appeared in 1990s. The first is the Kaneko theory that extends the famous Selberg integral by inserting a hypergeometric type weight factor into the integrand to obtain an analytical formula for the extended integral. The second is the Petkovšek–Wilf–Zeilberger theory that calculates definite hypergeometric sums in a closed form.     

Scheme for Realizing Deterministic Entanglement Concentration with Atoms Via Cavity QED

A scheme for concentrating entanglement in two partially entangled Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen (EPR) pairs using repetitious resonant interactions of the atoms with a single-mode cavity field is proposed. A maximally entangled EPR pair can be deterministically extracted with the success probability of 1.0. In the scheme, the two logical states of a qubit are represented by the two lowest levels of an atom while a higher-energy intermediate level is used to facilitate the realization of the unitary operations, and all the operations required to realize deterministic entanglement concentration can be implemented in a reasonable amount of time before decoherence sets in. The scheme might be experimentally realizable with presently available cavity QED techniques and gives a realistic means to realize entanglement concentration deterministically.     

Quantum secure direct communication by entangled qutrits and entanglement swapping

A protocol for quantum secure direct communication by using entangled qutrits and swapping quantum entanglement is proposed. In this protocol, a set of ordered two-qutrit entangled states is used as quantum information channels for sending secret messages directly. During the process of transmission of particles, the transmitted particles do not carry any secret messages and are transmitted only one time. The protocol has higher source capacity than protocols using usual two-dimensional Bell-basis states as quantum channel. The security is ensured by the unitary operations randomly performed on all checking groups before the particle sequence is transmitted and the application of entanglement swapping.     

Entanglement evolution of a two-qubit system interacting with a quantum spin environment

We investigate the entanglement dynamics and decoherence of a two-qubit system under a quantum spin environment at finite temperature in the thermodynamics limit. For the case under study, we find different initial states will result in different entanglement evolution, what deserves mentioning here is that the state |Ψ=cosα|01+sinα|10 is most robust than other states when π/2<α<π, since the entanglement remains unchanged or increased under the spin environment. In addition, we also find the anisotropy parameter Δ can suppress the destruction of decoherence induced by the environment, and the undesirable entanglement sudden death arising from the process of entanglement evolution can be efficiently controlled by the inhomogeneous magnetic field ζ.     

Bell态原子与双模纠缠相干光场相互作用的场熵演化特性

运用全量子理论研究了初始处于Bell态(对称迭加态或反对称态)的两原子与双模纠缠相干光场相互作用系统中场熵的演化特性. 分析了光场强度、光场纠缠度及原子间相互作用强度对场熵演化特性的影响. 结果表明：原子初态处于反对称态时,场熵始终为零;原子初态处在对称迭加态时,增大光场强度场熵的时间演化曲线逐渐变成较规则的振荡曲线,原子间的相互作用强度对双原子间纠缠度有显著的非线性调制作用.     

T-C模型中光场和原子以及原子与原子之间的纠缠演化

研究了T-C模型中的二能级原子与单模场以及两个二能级原子之间不同初态的纠缠演化.发现,它们之间的形成纠缠是周期演化的,不同初态纠缠演化的周期不同.在一种类W初态下两原子之间还出现所谓的纠缠猝灭现象. 关键词： T-C模型 纠缠度 纠缠猝死     

基于周期极化KTiOPO$lt;sub$gt;4$lt;/sub$gt;晶体的高亮度纠缠源研制

量子纠缠是量子信息领域的核心资源,目前利用β型硼酸钡（BBO）晶体参量下转换制备的纠缠光子对的亮度较低,它直接制约了量子通信的最远距离,已无法满足星地实用化量子通信的发展需求.利用周期极化KTiOPO₄晶体,采用准相位匹配技术设计产生了一种后选择的纠缠源,测得的符合计数达到了16×10³s^-1 mW^-1,极化对比度达到27∶1,在亮度上比基于BBO的量子纠缠光源提高了一个数量级以上.这一高亮度的纠缠源可以广泛应用于量子密钥分发、量子隐形传态以及量子计算等新兴量子信息领域,为实现全球化量子通信提供了有力的保障. 关键词： 纠缠态 准相位匹配 4晶体')" href="#">周期极化KTiOPO₄晶体     

压缩相干态光场与Λ型三能级原子相互作用的纠缠特性

利用量子熵理论,研究了压缩相干态光场与Λ型三能级原子的量子纠缠随时间的演化特性.结果表明:光场与原子纠缠度依赖于初态原子能级叠加系数、光场压缩参量、相干态振幅参量及失谐量与耦合系数之比.当光场压缩参量增大时,光场与原子的最大纠缠度增大;若场失谐量与耦合系数之比增大,光场与原子纠缠则呈现周期性演化,系统呈现接近退纠缠;若场失谐量与耦合系数之比增大,光场与原子纠缠呈现周期性,场失谐量与耦合系数的比值足够大时,在一定时刻系统可处于稳定的最大纠缠态,且系统演化呈现周期性.     

EPR纠缠光束时域量子关联的实验验证

我们利用平衡零拍探测系统和数据采集系统直接测量了EPR纠缠光束信号光场与闲置光场正交分量之间的时域量子起伏,验证了其量子关联.通过对EPR纠缠光束中的一束光场进行延迟,验证了信号光与闲置光不同步时将导致量子关联减弱乃至消失.我们的实验结果为开展连续变量量子密钥分发、非高斯态的实验制备和纠缠纯化奠定了实验基础.