基于独立组分分析和BP神经网络的可见/近红外光谱蜂蜜品牌的鉴别

提出了一种基于独立组分分析的可见/近红外光谱透射技术快速鉴别蜂蜜品牌的新方法。用独立组分分析方法获取蜂蜜的可见/近红外光谱载荷图,将载荷图中相关性最大的波段,作为人工神经网络的输入建立蜂蜜品牌的鉴别模型。建立了一个三层的BP神经网络模型,各层传递函数采用S型(Sigmoid)函数,并设置网络输入层节点数为9,隐含层节点数为10,输出层节点数为3。每个品牌25个样本,3个品牌共75个样本,用来建立BP神经网络模型,剩余的3个品牌各５个样本用于预测,鉴别准确率达100%,模型的拟合残差为8.245 365×10-5。说明基于独立组分分析的方法具有很好的鉴别效果,为蜂蜜的品牌鉴别提供了一种新方法。     

土壤全氮田间Vis/NIR光谱测定方法研究

应用Vis/NIR光谱直接测定原始土壤属性具有重要的研究和应用价值。选取我国中部水稻土和潮土共103个土样,对比分析了两种土壤在田间环境下的湿态(R_w)和干态(R_d)光谱特征。采用相对变换光谱方法对湿态光谱进行了处理,结果表明该方法能够有效降低土壤水分的干扰和消除部分噪声,得到的变换光谱(R_n)与干态光谱在信息量和特征方面具有很高的相似度。以此建立了土壤TN的PLS回归估计模型,检验结果表明,R_n对水稻土和潮土TN的估计模型精度均高于R_w,修正判定系数分别从0.26和0.46提高到0.53和0.62。因此,相对光谱变换方法能够有效提高应用田间土壤光谱估计土壤参数的能力,建立的PLS模型可以用于测定TN含量,研究结果可作为实现田间实时分析土壤属性的工作基础。     

N掺杂对非晶C薄膜的电子结构与光学性质的影响

用直流磁控溅射法制备了非晶C薄膜及N掺杂非晶C(a-C∶N)薄膜,用紫外-可见分光光谱仪、椭圆偏振仪、俄歇电子能谱(AES)等对薄膜进行了检测。结果表明：随源气体中N气含量的增加,透过率和折射率变小, 而光学带隙先增大后减小; 当薄膜中N的含量很少,N的掺入对sp3杂化C起稳定作用,使得薄膜光学带隙E_g增大。而较高量N的掺入抑制了sp3杂化C的形成,提高了薄膜中sp2键含量,使得薄膜光学带隙变小。参数D定义为俄歇电子能谱(AES)中最大正峰和最低负峰之间的距离,用俄歇电子能谱中的D值来计算薄膜的sp2键的百分含量,俄歇电子能谱(AES)表征也表明：较高量的N的掺入抑制了sp3杂化C的形成。所以应该考虑在较低N分压条件下掺N来改善非晶C薄膜的光学性能。     

用激光解吸附电离飞行时间质谱法检测悬浮土壤颗粒物

在自行研制的气溶胶飞行时间激光质谱仪(ATOFLMS)上实时探测单个悬浮土壤颗粒的粒径和化学成分。利用双束连续激光对单个粒子的空气动力学粒径进行测量,并用266 nm的Nd∶YAG激光器对气溶胶单粒子进行解吸附电离作用,产物离子通过飞行时间质谱仪的无场漂移区后完成单粒子化学成分的检测。本实验中使用了4个不同地区的土壤样本,在实验室内对分析的样本进行预处理和再悬浮,通过导管引入ATOFLMS进行测量,得到大量单粒子的粒径和质谱数据。发现在众多的单粒子的阳离子质谱中,金属成分以地壳元素(Fe, K, Al, Ca)为主,在其他阳离子质谱中包含了Mg和Na等。对悬浮土壤粒子的粒径进行实时检测的结果表明这些粒子多以粗粒子为主, 粒径主要集中在1～2 μm。实验结果表明该仪器在大气气溶胶环境监测及相关研究领域具有重要的实用价值。     

Development of a Quantitative Method for Detection of Multiclass Veterinary Drugs in Feed Using Modified QuPPe Extraction and LC–MS/MS

A method was developed for the rapid and quantitative analysis of 30 veterinary drugs belonging to 17 classes (amphenicols (1), anthelmintics (1), cephalosporins (4), coccidiostats (1), lincosamides (1), macrolide (1), nitroimidazole (1), penicillins (3), phenylhydrazines (1), polypeptides (1), pyrethrins (1), quinolones (5), sulfonamides (3), tetracycline (3), neuroleptic agents (1), triazene trypanocidal agents (1), other. (1)) in feeds. The proposed method with a modified Quick Polar Pesticides (QuPPe) sample preparation was validated for the determination of 30 veterinary drugs in feed samples by liquid chromatography triple-quadrupole mass spectrometry (LC–MS/MS). The sample was extracted with methanol containing 1% acetic acid and purified by dispersive solid-phase extraction (d-SPE) with C18. Good linearity (r² ≥ 0.98) was observed, and the LOQ values ranged from 10 to 200 µg/kg. Average recoveries ranged from 70.8 to 118.4%, and the relative standard deviation was ≤ 18.7%. This validated method was used in the determination of 30 veterinary drugs in 142 feed samples obtained from South Korea. The results show that lincomycin was present in only one of the tested feed samples, although it was detected at a value lower than the LOQ. In conclusion, this multi-residue method can be used for screening through the detection and quantitation of residual multiclass veterinary drugs in feed samples.     

The Influence of Tyrosol-Enriched Rhodiola sachalinensis Extracts Bioconverted by the Mycelium of Bovista plumbe on Scopolamine-Induced Cognitive,Behavioral, and Physiological Responses in Mice

Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is an age-related neurodegenerative disorder characterized by cognitive deficits, which are accompanied by memory loss and cognitive disruption. Rhodiola sachalinensis (RSE) is a medicinal plant that has been used in northeastern Asia for various pharmacological activities. We attempted to carry out the bioconversion of RSE (Bio-RSE) using the mycelium of Bovista plumbe to obtain tyrosol-enriched Bio-RSE. The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of Bio-RSE on the activation of the cholinergic system and the inhibition of oxidative stress in mice with scopolamine (Sco)-induced memory impairment. Sco (1 mg/kg body weight, i.p.) impaired the mice’s performance on the Y-maze test, passive avoidance test, and water maze test. However, the number of abnormal behaviors was reduced in the groups supplemented with Bio-RSE. Bio-RSE treatment improved working memory and avoidance times against electronic shock, increased step-through latency, and reduced the time to reach the escape zone in the water maze test. Bio-RSE dramatically improved the cholinergic system by decreasing acetylcholinesterase activity and regulated oxidative stress by increasing antioxidant enzymes (superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT)). The reduction in nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2)/heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) signaling in the brain tissue due to scopolamine was restored by the administration of Bio-RSE. Bio-RSE also significantly decreased amyloid-beta 1–42 (Aβ1–42) and amyloid precursor protein (APP) expression. Moreover, the increased malondialdehyde (MDA) level and low total antioxidant capacity in Sco-treated mouse brains were reversed by Bio-RSE, and an increase in Nrf2 and HO-1 was also observed. In conclusion, Bio-RSE protected against Sco-induced cognitive impairment by activating Nrf2/HO-1 signaling and may be developed as a potential beneficial material for AD.     

ICP-MS/ICP-AES法快速测定转基因棉花种子中的矿质元素和重金属含量

转基因植物生理生态已成为当前的研究热点,外源基因的导入可能会造成许多无法预料的结果。文章借助ICP-MS/ICP-AES技术对我国自己研制的转基因棉花和对照种子中的矿质元素和重金属进行了研究。结果显示,转基因棉花种子中,所测量的15种矿质元素含量有12种显著低于非转基因对照,说明转基因棉花种子吸收和累积矿质元素的能力下降;而只有镁、铁、铜含量高于对照。在测定的九种重金属(有害元素)中有七种转基因抗虫棉高于对照,特别是铝和砷的含量高出许多甚至上百倍,而铬和汞两种重金属含量明显低于对照。     

新疆酸浆宿萼总黄酮含量测定方法的研究

利用可见光及紫外分光光度法测定酸浆宿萼总黄酮含量,可见光分光光度法是以芦丁为参照品,硝酸铝作显色剂,在510 nm波长测定总黄酮含量.紫外分光光度法是以芦丁为参照品,在359 nm波长测定总黄酮含量.经过比较,认为紫外分光光度法是一种较理想的测定方法.     

Solid‐State Active Elements Based on Dyes and Prepared by a Sol‐Gel Method

A new method is suggested for producing the solgel matrices with the molecules of laser dyes introduced into them. The curves of tuning lasing in Rhodamine 6G, Rhodamine 4S, Rhodamine 101, and phenylamine 430 in these matrices are obtained. The total range of tuning is 550–650 nm at a pumping energy of 4 mJ. The halfwidth of the generation spectrum is independent of the pumping energy to 4 mJ and comprises 0.3 ± 0.1 nm. The main factors forming the generation spectrum are noted.     

轻型高稳定性离轴非球面平行光管设计

为了满足高精度相机在外场环境下的检测要求,采用碳化硅光学材料制作反射镜,碳纤/环氧树脂基复合材料制作遮光筒,设计了一套重量轻、自身精度高、温度稳定性好的离轴平行光管。在二者线胀系数保持二倍关系的情况下,在一定温变范围内保持精度的稳定性。经检测,口径为400 mm,焦距为8 m的离轴平行光管的温变为(20±10)℃,系统波像差为1/5λ(P-V值,λ=632.8 nm)和1/27λ(RMS值),达到了设计要求,能够在外场环境下使用。