Green synthesis by diethylene glycol based solution process and characterization of SnS nanoparticles

Uniform near‐spherical SnS nanoparticles were prepared by a hydrazine hydrate‐assisted diethylene glycol solution synthesis based on the reaction of tin dichloride (SnCl₂·2H₂O) with thioacetamide (H₃CCSNH₂). The as‐prepared SnS nanoparticles were characterized by XRD, FETEM, EDS, XPS and UV‐vis‐NIR spectrophotometer. The results showed that the SnS nanoparticles had orthorhombic crystal structure, good stoichiometry and indirect bandgap of ∼1.1 eV. The nanoparticle size could be controlled by changing injection temperature. (© 2012 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)     

Methane adsorption on graphite（0001） films： A first-principles study

Using first-principles methods, we have systematically investigated the electronic density of states, work function, and adsorption energy of the methane molecule adsorbed on graphite(0001) films. The surface energy and the interlayer relaxation of the clean graphite(0001) as a function of the thickness of the film were also studied. The results show that the interlayer relaxation is small due to the weak interaction between the neighboring layers. The one-fold top site is found most favourable on substrate for methane with the adsorption energy of 133 meV. For the adsorption with different adsorption heights above the graphite film with four layers, the methane is found to prefer to appear at about 3.21 A above the graphite. We also noted that the adsorption energy does not dependent much on the thickness of the graphite films. The work function is enhanced slightly by adsorption of methane due to the slight charge transfer from the graphite surface to the methane molecule.     

基于扩散近似法和双通量法耦合的多孔介质内燃烧辐射换热计算方法

将Rosseland辐射模型和双通量法结合,对瓦斯气体在泡沫陶瓷中预混燃烧辐射换热计算方法进行研究.数值模拟的结果与试验结果吻合比较好,证明提出的辐射换热计算方法是有效的.     

大气中甲烷、总烃及非甲烷总烃监测分析方法的探索

采用六通阀进样,双毛细管柱、双FID检测器气相色谱法,一次进样即可测得大气中的CH₄、总烃及非甲烷总烃（NMHC）的测试数据。同时对色谱中FID检测器中出现的氧峰初步可认定为“干扰峰”,在分析中可忽略不计。方法的检出限:CH₄ 0.03 mg/m3,总烃0.04 mg/m3,NMHC 0.06 mg/m3。变异系数:CH₄ 3.81%,总烃 2.07%,NHMC 5.07%。     

不同水合物饱和度下注热水开采实验研究

为研究不同水合物藏饱和度对注热开采动态的影响,采用自制的一维天然气水合物(NGH)开采模拟实验装置,模拟地层多孔介质的条件,首先在填砂模型中生成不同饱和度的NGH,然后进行注热盐水分解实验。结果表明:不同饱和度的NGH注热分解产气都可划分为三个阶段,不同的是NGH饱和度越高,水合物分解阶段的产气速率越大,且该阶段持续的时间越长;NGH饱和度越高,注热分解阶段电阻率增大的幅度越大,系统各测点温度升高的幅度越小。注热分解过程中产水速率围绕注水速率而上下波动,且NGH饱和度越高,产水速率波动幅度越大;在实验研究范围内,随初始水合物饱和度的升高,注热开采的能量效率逐渐升高。因此,从能量效率来说,高饱和度的水合物藏更适宜于注热开采。     

Using magnetic resonance imaging to monitor CH4 hydrate formation and spontaneous conversion of CH4 hydrate to CO2 hydrate in porous media

Magnetic resonance imaging was used to monitor and quantify methane hydrate formation and exchange in porous media. Conversion of methane hydrate to carbon dioxide hydrate, when exposed to liquid carbon dioxide at 8.27 MPa and ∼4°C, was experimentally demonstrated with MRI data and verified by mass balance calculations of consumed volumes of gases and liquids. No detectable dissociation of the hydrate was measured during the exchange process.     

Solution and hydrate formation behind a shock wave in liquid with nitrogen — carbon dioxide bubbles in a presence of surfactant

The processes of solution and hydrate formation behind a shock wave of moderate amplitude were studied experimentally in water with bubbles of nitrogen — carbon dioxide mixture at different initial static pressures in the medium and surfactant concentrations. It is shown that these bubbles do not affect significantly the processes of solution and hydrate formation behind a shock wave during the considered periods. The hypothesis about partial hydration of nitrogen from the gas mixture at intense formation of carbon dioxide hydrate was suggested for the conditions, when the pressure behind the wave is less than the equilibrium pressure of nitrogen hydrate formation at a given temperature. The work was financially supported by the President of RF (NSh-3417.2008.8) and Russian Foundation for Basic Research (Grant No. 06-08-00657).     

新型双燃料重整联合循环发电系统

本文提出了一种新型双燃料重整联合循环发电系统。该系统通过重整反应实现了煤和天然气的综合利用,煤的燃烧过程为天然气/水蒸汽重整反应提供了高温反应热,通过双燃料重整煤的部分化学能间接转化到合成气中,然后合成气进入联合循环燃烧作功。研究结果表明双燃料联合循环的供电效率为49.4%-53.2%,煤的折合供电效率为42.4%-44.6%,与IGCC(动力部分相同时为44%-46%)相比供电效率降低1-2个百分点,但是投资大约降低30%。本文的研究开拓性地为煤的清洁高效利用提供了新途径。     

紫外吸收光谱法在高通量筛选中的应用

 与传统化合物的单独合成及结构性能测定相比,高通量筛选技术具有简化并缩短发现目标化合物过程的特点. 以紫外吸收光谱法为手段,利用高通量筛选技术考察了Co-Ce/HZSM-5对甲烷还原NOx反应的催化活性. 研制了专用的平行反应器,使每个反应通道的反应温度相同,气体空速相近; 建立了一种高通量初级筛选催化剂库的快速方法,初步评价了不同Co/Ce比的Co-Ce/HZSM-5催化剂样品的催化活性. 结果表明,当w(Co)=2.5%及m(Co)/m(Ce)=2时,催化剂的活性最高,其活性因数达到了0.67.     

一种获得高活性和高稳定性甲烷无氧芳构化Mo/HZSM-5催化剂的前处理方法

 利用氢气在较低温度(623 K)下对6%Mo/HZSM-5催化剂进行预处理,考察了经低温还原预处理的催化剂在甲烷无氧芳构化反应中的催化性能. 结果表明,经过预处理的催化剂比未经预处理的催化剂表现出更好的甲烷转化活性和稳定性. 1H MAS NMR和EPR表征结果表明,在623 K氢气气氛中对Mo/HZSM-5催化剂进行预处理不会造成Mo物种在分子筛外表面的进一步分散,也不会导致外表面的Mo物种向孔道内迁移. 但是,低温还原预处理可以有效地促进Mo物种由易还原的六方密堆积结构向难还原的面心立方结构转化,后者在反应中具有更好的活性和稳定性.