RIG型磁光薄膜的研究进展及应用

随着光通信技术与光子集成电路的发展,非互易性器件作为光通信系统中重要的组成部分得到了越来越广泛的研究与应用。基于磁光效应制成的磁光隔离器和环行器是目前应用最为广泛的非互易性器件,为了将非互易性器件整块集成在硅片上,需制备性能与块状磁光材料相当的磁光薄膜。在近红外通信波段(1 550 nm),以钇铁石榴石(Y₃Fe₅O₁₂,YIG)为代表的稀土铁石榴石(RIG)具备优良的磁光效应,是最具应用前景的磁光材料之一。研究发现,使用稀土离子对YIG薄膜进行掺杂可以有效改善其磁光性能,尤其是Bi³⁺和Ce³⁺掺杂的YIG表现出巨法拉第效应。本文首先介绍了法拉第效应原理,介绍了三种常见磁光薄膜的生长方法,回顾了近年来的主要研究成果,介绍了磁光薄膜在光隔离器和环行器中的应用,最后对磁光薄膜的未来发展趋势进行了展望。     

雾化辅助化学气相沉积法氧化镓薄膜生长研究

采用自主设计搭建的雾化辅助化学气相沉积系统设备,开展了Ga₂O₃薄膜制备及其特性研究工作。通过X射线衍射研究了沉积温度、系统沉积压差对Ga₂O₃薄膜结晶质量的影响。结果表明,Ga₂O₃在425~650 ℃温度区间存在物相转换关系。随着沉积温度从425 ℃升高至650 ℃,薄膜结晶分别由非晶态、纯α-Ga₂O₃结晶状态向α-Ga₂O₃、β-Ga₂O₃两相混合结晶状态改变。通过原子力显微镜表征探究了生长温度对Ga₂O₃薄膜表面形貌的影响,从475 ℃升高至650 ℃时,薄膜表面粗糙度由26.8 nm下降至24.8 nm。同时,高分辨X射线衍射仪测试表明475 ℃、5 Pa压差条件下的α-Ga₂O₃薄膜样品半峰全宽仅为190.8″,为高度结晶态的单晶α-Ga₂O₃薄膜材料。     

辐照电子在光纤芯处能量沉积的计算

为了用尽可能低的辐照电子能量在光纤芯处形成大的性质改变,模拟了0.1～1 MeV能量的电子辐照二氧化硅.发现每一特定能量的电子辐照二氧化硅时,在其中有个能量沉积最快的位置.计算得到0.447 4 MeV能量的电子在单模光纤中心能量沉积最快,分析发现对于这个能量的电子多数可以穿透到光纤芯处,电子能量在光纤芯处的沉积主要是由于电子能量的减小造成的.这些结果可为用电子辐照光纤制作光器件时的初始电子能量选择提供参考.     

A Molecular-Wide and Electron Density-Based Approach in Exploring Chemical Reactivity and Explicit Dimethyl Sulfoxide (DMSO) Solvent Molecule Effects in the Proline Catalyzed Aldol Reaction

Modelling of the proline (1) catalyzed aldol reaction (with acetone 2) in the presence of an explicit molecule of dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) (3) has showed that 3 is a major player in the aldol reaction as it plays a double role. Through strong interactions with 1 and acetone 2, it leads to a significant increase of energy barriers at transition states (TS) for the lowest energy conformer 1a of proline. Just the opposite holds for the higher energy conformer 1b. Both the ‘inhibitor’ and ‘catalyst’ mode of activity of DMSO eliminates 1a as a catalyst at the very beginning of the process and promotes the chemical reactivity, hence catalytic ability of 1b. Modelling using a Molecular-Wide and Electron Density-based concept of Chemical Bonding (MOWED-CB) and the Reaction Energy Profile–Fragment Attributed Molecular System Energy Change (REP-FAMSEC) protocol has shown that, due to strong intermolecular interactions, the HN-C-COOH (of 1), CO (of 2), and SO (of 3) fragments drive a chemical change throughout the catalytic reaction. We strongly advocate exploring the pre-organization of molecules from initially formed complexes, through local minima to the best structures suited for a catalytic process. In this regard, a unique combination of MOWED-CB with REP-FAMSEC provides an invaluable insight on the potential success of a catalytic process, or reaction mechanism in general. The protocol reported herein is suitable for explaining classical reaction energy profiles computed for many synthetic processes.     

燃气透平叶片表面颗粒沉积特性数值研究进展

污染物颗粒在燃气透平叶片表面及冷却通道内的沉积将影响透平叶片的冷却特性和安全服役寿命。国外许多研究机构对燃气透平叶片表面污染物颗粒沉积特性及其与叶片气膜冷却的相互作用机制进行了持续研究。本文首次系统总结了近年来燃气透平叶片表面污染物颗粒沉积特性数值研究进展,重点介绍了燃气透平叶栅流道内污染物颗粒的沉积机制、颗粒沉积和脱离物理模型以及颗粒沉积与透平叶片冷却特性相互作用的数值模拟方法和研究成果。基于当前研究热点和发展趋势,结合作者的研究经历,指出了国内在研发先进燃气轮机透平冷却结构时应注意的问题和方向,为高效、燃料适应性更广的燃气轮机技术自主开发奠定基础。     

Semiempirical Potential in Kinetics Calculations on the HC3N + CN Reaction

The reaction between the cyano radical CN and cyanoacetylene molecule HC3N is of great interest in different astronomical fields, from star-forming regions to planetary atmospheres. In this work, we present a new synergistic theoretical approach for the derivation of the rate coefficient for gas phase neutral-neutral reactions. Statistic RRKM calculations on the Potential Energy Surface are coupled with a semiempirical analysis of the initial bimolecular interaction. The value of the rate coefficient for the HC3N + CN → H + NCCCCN reaction obtained with this method is compared with previous theoretical and experimental investigations, showing strengths and weaknesses of the new presented approach.     

Fast gas chromatography-negative-ion chemical ionization mass spectrometry with microscale volume sample preparation for the determination of benzodiazepines and alpha-hydroxy metabolites, zaleplon and zopiclone in whole blood

Fast gas chromatography/negative-ion chemical ionization mass spectrometric (GC/NICI-MS) assay combined with rapid and nonlaborious sample preparation is presented for the simultaneous determination of benzodiazepines and alpha-hydroxy metabolites, zaleplon and zopiclone in whole blood. The compounds were extracted from 100 microl of whole blood by simultaneous multitube, microscale liquid-liquid extraction (LLE) and derivatized by N-methyl-N-(tert-butyldimethylsilyl)trifluoroacetamide (MTBSTFA), without the need for the time-consuming concentration stage. In the analytical separation, various parameters of fast GC/NICI-MS were applied, e.g. the use of hydrogen as a GC carrier gas, a high carrier gas velocity, a small film thickness of the analytical column, fast MS data acquisition, fast temperature ramping, and high initial and final temperatures of GC column. Sensitive identification, screening and quantitation of 18 compounds of interest were achieved in chromatographic separation in only 4.40 min. Accurate and reproducible results were obtained by using five different and carefully selected deuterated analogues on the basis of the chemical properties of the target analytes. Nevertheless, for alpha-OH-midazolam, and for bromazepam and flunitrazepam at low concentrations, the results can be considered only semiquantitative on the basis of the validation data. The extraction efficiencies ranged from 74.3 to 105.7% and the limits of quantitation (LOQ) from 1 to 100 ng ml(-1). Rapid sample preparation and fast chromatographic separation allowed cost-efficient, reliable and high sample-throughput analyses with a low amount of manual work. The method was fully validated and accredited according to EN ISO/IEC 17025 standards and is applicable for sensitive, reliable and quantitative determination of benzodiazepines, zaleplon and zopiclone, e.g. in clinical and forensic toxicology.     

Calculating physical properties of organic compounds for environmental modeling from molecular structure

Mathematical models for predicting the transport and fate of pollutants in the environment require reactivity parameter values – that is the value of the physical and chemical constants that govern reactivity. Although empirical structure–activity relationships have been developed that allow estimation of some constants, such relationships are generally valid only within limited families of chemicals. The computer program, SPARC, uses computational algorithms based on fundamental chemical structure theory to estimate a large number of chemical reactivity parameters and physical properties for a wide range of organic molecules strictly from molecular structure. Resonance models were developed and calibrated using measured light absorption spectra, whereas electrostatic interaction models were developed using measured ionization pK_as in water. Solvation models (i.e., dispersion, induction, H-bonding, etc.) have been developed using various measured physical properties data. At the present time, SPARC’s physical property models can predict vapor pressure and heat of vaporization (as a function of temperature), boiling point (as a function of pressure), diffusion coefficient (as a function of pressure and temperature), activity coefficient, solubility, partition coefficient and chromatographic retention time as a function of solvent and temperature. This prediction capability crosses chemical family boundaries to cover a broad range of organic compounds.     

敬钊毒素-V剪切体Y1-JZTX-V的化学合成与氧化复性及其钠通道活性鉴定

应用芴甲氧羰基(Fmoc)固相方法化学合成了敬钊毒素-V（JZTX-V）分子N-端酪氨酸残基剪切体(Y1-JZTX-V),并且通过反相高效液相色谱和质谱对不同条件下的氧化复性结果进行监测,从而得到该剪切体的最佳氧化复性条件:0.1 mol/L Tris-HCl缓冲液、pH 7.50、1 mmol/L还原型谷胱甘肽(GSH)、0.1 mmol/L氧化型谷胱甘肽(GSSG)、样品浓度为0.05 mg/L、复性温度为4 ℃。膜片钳电生理实验结果显示敬钊毒素-V剪切体Y1-JZTX-V对大鼠背根神经节(DRG)细胞上表达的河豚毒素不敏感型(TTX-R)与河豚毒素敏感型(TTX-S)钠电流均有抑制作用,其半数抑制浓度(IC50)分别为(160±2.5) nmol/L和(39.6±3.2) nmol/L。与天然的敬钊毒素-V相比,该剪切体对大鼠DRG细胞上的TTX-S钠电流的抑制作用基本一致,但对TTX-R钠电流的抑制作用却大大降低,表明敬钊毒素-V分子N-端的酪氨酸残基是一个与TTX-R钠通道结合活性相关的氨基酸残基。