首页 | 本学科首页   官方微博 | 高级检索  
文章检索
  按 检索   检索词:      
出版年份:   被引次数:   他引次数: 提示:输入*表示无穷大
  收费全文   3757篇
  免费   231篇
  国内免费   43篇
化学   1158篇
晶体学   50篇
力学   79篇
数学   100篇
物理学   2644篇
  2023年   13篇
  2022年   30篇
  2021年   41篇
  2020年   78篇
  2019年   65篇
  2018年   52篇
  2017年   46篇
  2016年   110篇
  2015年   106篇
  2014年   98篇
  2013年   397篇
  2012年   111篇
  2011年   192篇
  2010年   116篇
  2009年   155篇
  2008年   205篇
  2007年   235篇
  2006年   229篇
  2005年   167篇
  2004年   139篇
  2003年   143篇
  2002年   222篇
  2001年   142篇
  2000年   194篇
  1999年   134篇
  1998年   135篇
  1997年   53篇
  1996年   37篇
  1995年   47篇
  1994年   40篇
  1993年   30篇
  1992年   31篇
  1991年   16篇
  1990年   20篇
  1989年   23篇
  1988年   17篇
  1987年   22篇
  1986年   20篇
  1985年   22篇
  1984年   16篇
  1983年   6篇
  1982年   18篇
  1981年   8篇
  1980年   12篇
  1979年   8篇
  1978年   6篇
  1977年   5篇
  1975年   3篇
  1973年   6篇
  1972年   2篇
排序方式: 共有4031条查询结果,搜索用时 0 毫秒
61.
Certain features in Frenkel-Kontorova and other models of phases with a one-dimensional modulation can be analyzed by assuming parallel interfaces separating sets of lattice planes belonging to two different phases, and treating the free energy to create interfaces, as well as the interaction of two, three, or more interfaces, as phenomenological parameters. A strategy employed by Fisher and Szpilka for interacting defects can be extended to the case of interfaces, allowing a systematic study of the phase diagram by ignoring all interface interactions, and then successively taking into account pair, triple, and higher-order terms. The possible phase diagrams which can occur near the point where =0 include: various sorts of endpoints analogous to critical endpoints, an accumulation point of first-order transitions and triple points, and a self-similar structure which we call an upsilon point, which turns out to be an accumulation point of an infinite number of segments of first-order transition lines, each of which terminates in two upsilon points.  相似文献   
62.
Recently, Borgs and Kotecký developed a rigorous theory of finite-size effects near first-order phase transitions. Here we apply this theory to the ferromagneticq-state Potts model, which (forq large andd2) undergoes a first-order phase transition as the inverse temperature is varied. We prove a formula for the internal energy in a periodic cube of side lengthL which describes the rounding of the infinite-volume jumpE in terms of a hyperbolic tangent, and show that the position of the maximum of the specific heat is shifted by m (L)=(Inq/E)L –d +O(L –2d ) with respect to the infinite-volume transition point t . We also propose an alternative definition of the finite-volume transition temperature t (L) which might be useful for numerical calculations because it differs only by exponentially small corrections from t .  相似文献   
63.
We present a study of finite-size effects in a model exhibiting a first-order temperature-driven symmetry-breaking structural phase transition in theL × cylindrical geometry in theL limit. Exact studies demonstrate the applicability of our scaling ansatz even in the one-dimensional limit, making this model ideal for studying finite-size effects. The scaling ansatz, similar to the previously developed ansatz for field-driven transitions, demonstrates that latent heat is crucial in driving these transitions. This ansatz is supported by a 2×2 phenomenological transfer matrix based upon the symmetries of the system; this produces an analytic free energy which has the scaling form. Order parameter probability distributions show that the high- and low-temperature phases coexist only in a small finite-size-affected regime near the bulk transition temperature; this regime vanishes exponentially fast asL diverges.  相似文献   
64.
Thermal analysis methods are well-established techniques in research laboratories of pharmaceutical industry. The robustness and sensitivity of instrumentation, the introduction of automation and of reliable software according to the industrial needs widened considerably the areas of applications in the last decade. Calibration of instruments and validation of results follow the state of the art of cGMP as for other analytical techniques. Thermal analysis techniques are especially useful for the study of the behavior of the poly-phasic systems drug substances and excipients and find a unique place for new delivery systems. Since change of temperature and moisture occur by processing and storage, changes of the solid state may have a considerable effect on activity, toxicity and stability of compounds. Current requirements of the International Conference of Harmonisation for the characterization and the quantitation of polymorphism in new entities re-enforce the position of thermal analysis techniques. This challenging task needs the use of complementary methods. Combined techniques and microcalorimetry demonstrate their advantages. This article reviews the current use of thermal analysis and combined techniques in research and development and in production. The advantage of commercially coupled techniques to thermogravimetry is emphasized with some examples. This revised version was published online in August 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.  相似文献   
65.
用相对论HartreeFock方法对YⅦ—AgⅩⅤ离子4s24p3和4s24p25s组态的能级结构进行了系统的理论计算.通过分析能级结构的Slater径向积分参数沿等电子序列的变化规律,运用参数拟合外推(或内插)的方法计算了上述离子组态的能级结构参数.在此基础上,计算了Rh,Pd和AgⅩⅤ离子4s24p3(4S32,2P12,32,2D12,32)和4s24p25s(4P12,32,52,2P12,32,2D32,52,2S12)组态的精细结构能级以及这两个组态之间电偶极允许跃迁的全部35条谱线波长与相应的振子强度,其中Pd和AgⅩⅤ离子的所有数据纯属目前的预测计算值.  相似文献   
66.
Titanium-doped ordered mesoporous alumina with specific structural properties has been prepared by the evaporation induced self-assembly sol-gel method. The results show that the doped titanium helps to stabilize the ordered mesoporous alumina material without influencing the ordered mesoporosity. The textural properties of the obtained sample are related to the amount of doped titanium. When the molar ratio of aluminum to titanium(n(Al)/n(Ti)) is controlled as 10.2, the titanium-doped ordered mesoporous alumina exhibits high surface area(up to 218 m2 g-1), large pore volume(0.42 cm3 g-1) and narrow pore diameter(6.1 nm) after treating at 900 ℃, showing high thermal stability. Moreover, the obtained sample calcined at 900 ℃ still maintains ordered mesoporous structure and exhibits high thermal stability.  相似文献   
67.
In this work we employ a recently devised metric within the Geometrothermodynamics program to study ordinary thermodynamic systems. The new feature of this metric is that, in addition to Legendre symmetry, it exhibits invariance under a change of representation. This metric was derived in a previous work by the authors while addressing the problem of the conformal structure of the thermodynamic metrics for different representations. Here, we present a thorough analysis for the ideal gas, the van der Waals fluid, the one dimensional Ising model and some other systems of cosmological interest.  相似文献   
68.
Interacting Boson Model-2(IBM-2)is used to determine the Hamiltonian for Er nuclei.Fit values of parameters are used to construct the Hamiltonian,energy levels and electromagnetic transitions(B(E2),B(M1))multipole mixing ratios(δ(E2/M1))for some even-even Er nuclei and monopole transition probability are estimated.New ideas are used for counting bosons number at N=64 and results are compared with previous works.  相似文献   
69.
70.
Y. Wang  B. Yang  N. Can 《哲学杂志》2013,93(2):250-262
In the majority of cases, the effects of ion implantation are confined close to the implant zone but, potentially, the resultant distortions and chemical modifications could catalyse relaxations extending into the bulk substrate. Such possibilities are rarely considered but the present data suggest that high dose ion implantation of ZnO has induced bulk changes. Surface implants with Cu and Tb strongly modified the low temperature bulk thermoluminescence properties generated by X-ray irradiation. Suggestions are proposed for the possible mechanisms for bulk relaxations and structural characteristics, which may indicate where such instability may occur in other lattice structures.  相似文献   
设为首页 | 免责声明 | 关于勤云 | 加入收藏

Copyright©北京勤云科技发展有限公司  京ICP备09084417号