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61.
Juan de Torres Petru Ghenuche Satish Babu Moparthi Victor Grigoriev Jérôme Wenger 《Chemphyschem》2015,16(4):782-788
Zero‐mode waveguides (ZMWs) can confine light into attoliter volumes, which enables single molecule fluorescence experiments at physiological micromolar concentrations. Of the fluorescence spectroscopy techniques that can be enhanced by ZMWs, Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET) is one of the most widely used in life sciences. Combining zero‐mode waveguides with FRET provides new opportunities to investigate biochemical structures or follow interaction dynamics at micromolar concentrations with single‐molecule resolution. However, prior to any quantitative FRET analysis on biological samples, it is crucial to establish first the influence of the ZMW on the FRET process. Here, we quantify the FRET rates and efficiencies between individual donor–acceptor fluorophore pairs that diffuse into aluminum zero‐mode waveguides. Aluminum ZMWs are important structures thanks to their commercial availability and the large amount of literature that describe their use for single‐molecule fluorescence spectroscopy. We also compared the results between ZMWs milled in gold and aluminum, and found that although gold has a stronger influence on the decay rates, the lower losses of aluminum in the green spectral region provide larger fluorescence brightness enhancement factors. For both aluminum and gold ZMWs, we observed that the FRET rate scales linearly with the isolated donor decay rate and the local density of optical states. Detailed information about FRET in ZMWs unlocks their application as new devices for enhanced single‐molecule FRET at physiological concentrations. 相似文献
62.
Entangled photon pairs must often be spatially separated for their subsequent manipulation in integrated quantum circuits. Separation that is both deterministic and universal can in principle be achieved through anti‐coalescent two‐photon quantum interference. However, such interference‐facilitated pair separation (IFPS) has not been extensively studied in the integrated setting, which has important implications on performance. This work provides a detailed review of IFPS and examines how integrated device dependencies such as dispersion impact separation fidelity and interference visibility. The analysis applies equally to both on‐chip and in‐fiber implementations. When coupler dispersion is present, the separation performance can depend on photon bandwidth, spectral entanglement and the dispersion. By design, reduction in the separation fidelity due to loss of non‐classical interference can be perfectly compensated for by classical wavelength demultiplexing effects. This work informs the design of devices for universal photon pair separation of states with tunable arbitrary properties.
63.
A theoretical analysis of nano-deep corrugated long-period waveguide gratings on a SU-8 polymer-based channel waveguide with NOA61 optical epoxy coated upper- and lower cladding is presented. The transmission spectra of the gratings show strong rejection bands both at visible (at wavelength region of 450?460 nm) and infra-red (at wavelength region of 1530?1540 nm) regions when a grating period of ?68 μm with optimized grating tooth height is considered. Phase-matching graphs are studied to find the relationship between resonance wavelength and grating period. These results show that the grating parameters significantly affect the characteristics of transmission spectra as well as the resonance wavelength of the grating. Long-period waveguide grating-based band pass filter made by use of same polymer materials are also designed and analyzed. These types of waveguide grating-based filters can widely be used for visible and infra-red wavelength sensing applications. 相似文献
64.
G. K. Singh A. P. Singh V. K. Sharma A. Kapoor K. N. Tripathi 《Optics & Laser Technology》2002,34(3):219-223
A general expression for the change in extraordinary refractive index of the annealed proton exchanged LiNbO3 waveguide has been deduced. The expression deduced explains the experimental results of decrease in change of extraordinary refractive index with annealing. The effect of annealing time has also been incorporated following Cao's model (Cao, Ramaswamy, Srivastava, J. Lightwave Technol. 10 (1992) 1302–1313). The concentration profile of protons in the annealed waveguide has been deduced theoretically, which is consistent with the previous results. The spontaneous polarization has been considered as the central mechanism for change in extraordinary refractive index due to proton exchange with annealing. 相似文献
65.
给出了Ti扩散LiNbO_3条波导任意阶导模场分布的试探解.通过变分法分析,不但可以合理地确定其中的待定参数,而且也得到了相应导模传播常数的近似值.与扩展的有效折射率方法比较:这种解不但在函数形式上简单,待定常数确定方便,而且具有精度高的优点.还可以得到等效一维波导折射率分布的解析表达式. 相似文献
66.
平面波导型对称星型耦合器的优化设计 总被引:2,自引:1,他引:1
通过有限差分波束传播法(FD-BPM)研究了N×N平面波导型星型耦合器的优化设计思想和方法,并通过17×17星型耦合器的模拟设计证明了它的可行性.给出了在输出端引入辅助波导的方法,以提高输出波导阵列的均匀性.并通过模拟计算,分析了圆心缩入程度和锥形区的形状对输出结果的影响.此法也同样适合于N值更大的星型耦合器. 相似文献
67.
应用类比法求解介质光波导中场分布的几个实例 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0
利用定态薛定锷方程和介质光波导中亥姆堆兹方程的相似性,分析了类比条件,给出了用类比法求解介质光波导中场分布的几个实例。 相似文献
68.
J. García A. Martínez F. Cuesta-soto P. Sanchis J. Blasco J. Martí 《Optical and Quantum Electronics》2005,37(1-3):199-211
Extremely large group velocity dispersion of both signs can be achieved at the band edges of guided modes in photonic crystal waveguides. The selection of a proper value and sign of this parameter allows the design of short-length waveguides to compensate for pulse broadening. This pulse broadening can be caused, for instance, when a photonic crystal delay line is introduced. We present a theoretical study of the possibilities of using photonic crystal waveguides as intra-circuital dispersion compensation elements for ultrashort pulses, so the width of a transmitted pulse can be reduced. However, we also demonstrate that recovering the original pulse shape is not possible for these large-bandwidth pulses due to higher-order dispersion terms. 相似文献
69.
Michela Svaluto Moreolo Flavia Silvestri Mariateresa Armellino Kurt Hingerl Gabriella Cincotti 《Photonics and Nanostructures》2006,4(3):155-160
We present a highly integrated add/drop multiplexer, where the contra-directional coupling is realized by phase matching two photonic crystal waveguides. The device band structure, the corresponding transmission and drop spectra, and the coupling length are carefully analysed. Different device configurations are discussed and by tailoring the coupling factor, we optimize the frequency response of the filter, obtaining a -sized channel selector, characterized by a very high drop efficiency. 相似文献
70.
D'Orazio A. Desario M. Giasi C. Mescia L. Petruzzelli V. Prudenzano F. 《Optical and Quantum Electronics》2004,36(6):507-526
A realistic design of evanescent field optical sensors, constituted by three different kinds of planar waveguides covered
by a sensing polymeric overlay, is performed. More precisely, the slab, the embedded strip and the ridge waveguides are considered.
The sensor operation is simulated, in both the cases of lossy guided and leaky mode propagation, via a home made computer code. The optimal waveguide transverse section and length are identified, the advantages and drawbacks
are shown. The ridge waveguide sensor exhibits appreciable characteristics: for a concentration C
w = 200 ppm of toluene in water, the absorbance pertaining to a device L = 2.6 cm long and for the guided quasi-TE00 mode is A ≅ 5, while it is A ≅ 0.054 for a device long L ≅ 24.1 μm and the leaky quasi-TE10 mode. The simulation results suggest that a selective excitation of the suitable propagation mode can enhance the sensor
performance. 相似文献