恒热流加热开口腔自然对流的可视化实验和数值模拟

本文采用激光全息干涉和激光片光照射烟可视化方法获得了恒热流加热的二维开口腔自然对流问题的温度场和流场,并进行了数值分析.实验结果与数值模拟结果吻合.数值计算表明方腔内流体的流通量与Ra*和深高比B有关,当Ra*＞104时随深高比B增加流通量增加;B×Nu与深高比B呈线性关系.利用B×Nu与深高比B的线性关系,通过引入当量导热系数λc,本文还给出了加热壁面的平均温度的简单计算方法.     

Realistic rotating convection in a DNA suspension

In this work we report theoretical and numerical results on convection in a viscoelastic binary mixture under rotation for realistic rigid-rigid boundary conditions. We focus our analysis in the DNA aqueous suspensions. Instability thresholds for oscillatory convection are calculated. Finally, we analyze the stabilizing effect for the onset of convection.     

Flow separation in laminar natural convection

Theoretical and experimental studies of flow separation in laminal natural convection are presented. Since classical boundary-layer theory cannot determine separation on curved walls in natural convection, two extensions of the classical boundary-layer theory are discussed: boundary-layer theory of higher order and double-deck theory. Both theories are applied to experiments on a vertical flat plate with humps.     

Downwind Gauß-Seidel Smoothing for Convection Dominated Problems

In the case of convection dominated problems, multigrid methods require an appropriate smoothing to ensure robustness. As a first approach we discuss a Gauss–Seidel smoothing with a correct numbering of the unknowns and if necessary a special block partitioning. Numerical experiments show that, in the case of general convection directions, the multigrid algorithms obtained in this way have the same properties as in the model situation. If the graph arising from the convection part is acyclic, we describe a numbering algorithm which is valid for all spatial dimensions. Cycles give rise to special blocks for a blockwise Gauss–Seidel smoothing. We describe an algorithm for the two-dimensional case. The proposed algorithm requires a computational work of optimal order (linear in the size of the problem). © 1997 by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Linear stability analysis of the natural convection in inclined rotating parallel plates

The linear stability analysis of the natural convection in a rectangular tilted infinite cavity filled with a Boussinesq fluid subject to Coriolis force is presented. The bottom and top surfaces have fixed temperatures. Both unstable and stable thermal conditions are studied (heated from below and heated from above respectively). The rotation axis passes through the center and it is orthogonal to the hot and cold surfaces. The stability equations were solved using the Tau–Chebyshev spectral method. The critical Rayleigh number and critical wave number were obtained for several rotation rates and different orientation of convective oblique rolls in a range of inclination of the cavity from 0 to 120 degrees. The stability analysis show that rotation rate affects the basic velocity profile, onset of convection, wave number and critical orientation of convective rolls.     

An experimental study of the effect of wall temperature nonuniformity on natural convection in an enclosure heated from the side

An experimental study of natural convection in a parallelepipedal enclosure induced by a single vertical wall is described. The upper half of this wall was warm and the lower half cold. The other enclosure walls were insulated. The temperature and flow measurements were performed in the high Rayleigh number regime (10¹⁰<Ra<5×10¹⁰) by using water as the working fluid. The Rayleigh number was based on the enclosure height and the temperature difference between the warm and the cold part of the driving wall. The flow field featured two flat cells, one filled with warm fluid along the top horizontal wall, and the other filled with cold fluid along the bottom horizontal wall. Each of these cells was surrounded by an additional cell as tall as half the enclosure height. The above flow structure prohibited extensive thermal contact between warm and cold fluid, thus limiting the role of convection on the heat transfer process in the cavity. The findings of this study differ significantly from the findings of previous studies based on the ‘classical’ enclosure model possessing two isothermal vertical walls, the one warm and the other cold, and support the view that the use of ‘more realistic‘ temperature boundary conditions in enclosure natural convection needs careful examination.     

Global stability for convection when the viscosity has a maximum

Until now, an unconditional nonlinear energy stability analysis for thermal convection according to Navier-Stokes theory had not been developed for the case in which the viscosity depends on the temperature in a quadratic manner such that the viscosity has a maximum. We analyse here a model of non-Newtonian fluid behaviour that allows us to develop an unconditional analysis directly when the quadratic viscosity relation is allowed. By unconditional, we mean that the nonlinear stability so obtained holds for arbitrarily large perturbations of the initial data. The nonlinear stability boundaries derived herein are sharp when compared with the linear instability thresholds.Received: 9 April 2003, Accepted: 28 April 2003, Published online: 12 December 2003PACS: 03.50.De, 04.20.-q, 42.65.-kCorrespondence to B. Straughan     

Stability analysis of a Maxwell fluid in a porous medium heated from below

Based on a modified-Darcy–Brinkman–Maxwell model, stability analysis of a horizontal layer of Maxwell fluid in a porous medium heated from below is performed. By solving the eigenvalue problems, the critical Rayleigh number, wave number and frequency for overstability are determined. It is found that the critical Rayleigh number for overstability decreases as the relaxation time increases and the elasticity of a Maxwell fluid has a destabilizing effect on the fluid layer in porous media. On the other hand, the critical Rayleigh number for overstability increases by increasing the porous parameter which acts to stabilize the system. In limiting cases, some previous results for viscoelastic fluids in nonporous media are recovered from our results.     

Fully HOC Scheme for Mixed Convection Flow in a Lid-Driven Cavity Filled with a Nanofluid

A fully higher-order compact (HOC) finite difference scheme on the 9-point two-dimensional (2D) stencil is formulated for solving the steady-state laminar mixed convection flow in a lid-driven inclined square enclosure filled with water-$Al_2O_3$ nanofluid. Two cases are considered depending on the direction of temperature gradient imposed (Case I, top and bottom; Case II, left and right). The developed equations are given in terms of the stream function-vorticity formulation and are non-dimensionalized and then solved numerically by a fourth-order accurate compact finite difference method. Unlike other compact solution procedure in literature for this physical configuration, the present method is fully compact and fully higher-order accurate. The fluid flow, heat transfer and heat transport characteristics were illustrated by streamlines, isotherms and averaged Nusselt number. Comparisons with previously published work are performed and found to be in excellent agreement. A parametric study is conducted and a set of graphical results is presented and discussed to elucidate that significant heat transfer enhancement can be obtained due to the presence of nanoparticles and that this is accentuated by inclination of the enclosure at moderate and large Richardson numbers.