An approach of open-path gas sensor based on tunable diode laser absorption spectroscopy

Tunable diode laser absorption spectroscopy (TDLAS) is a new method to detect trace-gas qualitatively or quantificationally based on the scan characteristic of the diode laser to obtain the absorption spectroscopy in the characteristic absorption region. A time-sharing scanning open-path TDLAS system using two near infrared distributed feedback (DFB) tunable diode lasers is designed to detect CH4 and H2S in leakage of natural gas. A low-cost Fresnel lens is used in this system as receiving optics which receives the laser beam reflected by a solid corner cube reflector with a distance of up to about 60 m. High sensitivity is achieved by means of wavelength-modulation spectroscopy with second-harmonic detection. The minimum detection limits of 1.1 ppm·m for CH4 and 15 ppm·m for H2S are demonstrated with a total optical path of 120 m. The simulation monitoring experiment of nature gas leakage was carried out with this system. According to the receiving light efficiency of optical system and detectable minimum light intensity of detection, the detectable optical path of the system can achieve 1 - 2 km. The sensor is suitable for natural gas leakage monitoring application.     

Design of a hybrid diffractive/refractive achromatized telecentric f·θ lens

The design of a hybrid diffractive/refractive achromatized telecentric f·θ lens with a field of view (FOV) 50° and an effective focal length of 750 mm is presented. The optical stop is placed at the front focal plane so that it is a telecentric system. The design is based on a traditional refractive counterpart, and the designed system consists of a hybrid diffractive/refractive lens and four refractive lenses. The designed f·θ lens shows a considerable reduction in weight with a simplified structure, and exhibits superior performance compared to the refractive system. It is emphasized that the designed f·θ lens can be applied to modern color scanning systems that operate in the visible wavelength range with high performance. It can also be applied to high-energy scanning systems. When applying the designed hybrid diffractive/refractive f·θ lens to the high-energy scanning system, a big laser operating in one longitudinal mode can be replaced by a small multi-mode laser, and the scanning system can be simplified greatly with the accuracy improved.     

Hyperboloid cylinder-plane lens for shaping laser diode array beam

A high coupling efficiency, simple structure refractive lens was designed; a hyperboloid cylinder-plane lens was proposed to reduce the divergence angle of the laser diode array beam in the fast axis direction. Based on the ray-tracing method, the shape of the input refractive surface of the designed lens is determined by numerical analysis, and designed as aspherical profile in one direction. When the beam from source point reaches the input surface of the lens, it is refracted and becomes a parallel output beam in the fast axis direction. The expressions for describing the irradiance behind the lens are also derived.     

Application of kinoform lens for X‐ray reflectivity analysis

In this paper the first practical application of kinoform lenses for the X‐ray reflectivity characterization of thin layered materials is demonstrated. The focused X‐ray beam generated from a kinoform lens, a line of nominal size ～50 µm × 2 µm, provides a unique possibility to measure the X‐ray reflectivities of thin layered materials in sample scanning mode. Moreover, the small footprint of the X‐ray beam, generated on the sample surface at grazing incidence angles, enables one to measure the absolute X‐ray reflectivities. This approach has been tested by analyzing a few thin multilayer structures. The advantages achieved over the conventional X‐ray reflectivity technique are discussed and demonstrated by measurements.     

用于液晶可调谐滤光片型多光谱成像仪的中继成像系统设计

液晶可调谐滤光片(LCTF)是多光谱成像中一种高效的分光元件,但其物理尺寸超出了一般商业镜头的法兰距,很难直接与商业镜头及工业相机结合进行多光谱成像。设计了一种工作在单位放大率下的中继成像系统,用以适应它们的接口关系。其工作波段为400～720nm,工作F数为4.5,利用完全对称的结构,自动校正彗差、畸变和垂轴色差,设计结果满足多光谱成像的使用要求。该系统结构紧凑,生产成本低,适用于液晶可调谐滤光片型便携式多光谱成像仪的模块化设计。     

复合材料脱粘缺陷的红外热像无损检测

以固体火箭发动机中的玻璃纤维复合材料壳体/绝热层试件的脱粘缺陷为研究对象,利用脉冲闪光灯热激励方式对试件进行加热,用红外热像仪实时监测试件的表面温度场,由表面温度差异来判定试件内部缺陷,然后通过对热像图进行图像增强处理和分割以定量识别缺陷。将实验结果与超声C扫描检测结果进行的对比分析表明:红外热像无损检测方法能够快速直观地发现深度5 mm以内、直径10 mm以上的脱粘缺陷,而超声C扫描检测更适合于对特定缺陷进行准确定量检测。     

光电观察系统对海作用距离测试与评价方法

通过分析光电观察系统的使用方法、工作过程以及对海上目标作用距离的影响因素,探讨了使用探测距离、识别距离和辨识距离等三项测量指标作为评价成像系统作用距离性能的合理性,研究了成像系统对海上目标作用距离测试方法和数据处理方法。     

热透镜技术中反射和透射两种探测方式的比较分析

热透镜技术按照测量方式的不同可以分为反射式和透射式两种。这两种方式的灵敏度强烈地依赖于样品的热物理性质,对于不同的样品,选择合适的测量构型尤为重要。采用高斯激光束作为加热光源,分别从理论和实验上比较分析了模式不匹配的反射式和透射式两种热透镜探测构型在测量以BK7玻璃和石英为基底的高反射光学薄膜弱吸收中的应用,结果表明,对以BK7玻璃为基底的样品,采用反射式探测构型具有较高的灵敏度,而对以石英为基底的样品而言,采用透射式探测构型则具有更高的灵敏度,为实际光学薄膜吸收损耗测试灵敏度的提高提供了理论和实验依据。     

角锥棱镜和柱面镜的技术表述与检测

针对近年来应用颇多的两种较特殊的光学元件——角锥棱镜和柱面（透）镜技术表述的不同形式,为使之逐渐趋于规范和统一,参照国外现行的一些技术要求以及国内公司几年来实施的具体事例,给出若干说明、建议、指标和数据处理方法,尤其推荐用光束平行差的均方差来替代最大光束平行差的指标,是评定角锥棱镜技术特性中一项关键的新指标。     

新型矿灯二次配光系统的仿真研究

将光纤照明技术运用到矿灯领域中,需要根据光纤照明的特点设计相应的二次配光系统,以满足实际配光的需求。利用光学仿真软件TracePro开展了对新型光纤LED矿灯系统的二次配光问题的仿真研究。配光器件主要采用单个反光腔、透镜及其组合。从反光腔形状、深度和口径、透镜类型和尺寸等方面入手,探讨了各个因素对配光效率、光斑大小、光照均匀度的影响。通过对仿真结果的比较和分析发现,反光腔主要影响配光效率,而透镜主要影响光照均匀度和光斑大小。得到了合适的新型光纤-矿灯的二次配光系统,即锥形腔配合菲涅尔透镜。结果表明,该组合具有配光效率高、光照度均匀、光斑大小适中、实际尺寸小、方便井下作业等优点。