A study of the properties of mixed nonionic surfactants microemulsions by NMR, SAXS, viscosity and conductivity

The pseudoternary phase behavior of the water/sucrose laurate/ethoxylated mono-di-glyceride/R (+)-limonene systems was investigated for different surfactants mixing ratios (w/w) at 25 °C. The microemulsion boundaries were determined and the surfactants content at the interface of water- R (+)-limonene was estimated. For surfactants mixing ratio (w/w) equals unity, the area of the one phase microemulsion region reaches its maximum. The system with the maximum microemulsion area was investigated using electrical conductivity, dynamic viscosity, small angle X-ray scattering, and nuclear magnetic resonance. Electrical conductivity increases as the water volume fraction increases and a percolation threshold was observed. Dynamic Viscosity varies as function of the water volume fraction in a non-monotonic way giving two-peaked plot. The characteristics of the domain size of the microemulsions called periodicity measured by small angle X-ray scattering increases with the increase in the water volume fraction. The correlation length of the domain size reaches a maximum when plotted against the water volume fraction in the microemulsions. Relative diffusion coefficients of water increase and those of oil decrease with increasing the water volume fractions in the microemulsions indicating structural transitions.     

Influence of un-cured PDMS chains in stamp using PDMS-based lithography

We present the compatibility of elastomeric stamp, poly(dimethylsiloxane) (PDMS), with inks for non-photolithography. This ink limitation is important in considering the lamination of hydrophilic solution on the patterned ink surface using an elastomeric stamp. We focus on an increase of the hydrophobicity of the patterned surface due to diffusion of low molecular weight (LMW) silicone polymer chains. This hydrophobicity increases inversely with the PDMS–ink interaction parameter (χ), which is correlated with the solubility parameter (δ). This study's results translate into proposed design factors for ink used in the patterned functional layer for PDMS-based lithography. Both the XPS and the contact angle measurement show that the hydrophobicity can be increased by LMW PDMS chains transfer from stamps, and this increase can cause the expansion of the free volume in PDMS pores through a swelling effect.     

Single Production of Top Quark via e-γ Collision in Left-Right Twin Higgs Model

In the context of the left-right twin Higgs （LRTH） model, we fist study single production of the standard model （SM） top quark via e-γ collisions. We find that the corrections of the LRTH model to the cross section of the process e-γ→vebt might be observed only for f ≤750 GeV and the heavy top quark mass scale M ≥500 GeV in future high energy linear e^＋e^- collider （LC） experiment with the center-of-mass （CM） energy √s = 500 GeV and a yearly integrated luminosity of ￡ = 100 fb^-1. We also consider single production of the heavy top quark T via e-γ collisions. Our numerical results show that the possible signals of the heavy top quark T might be observed via the decay channel T →Ф^＋b→tbb in future LC experiment with √s = 3 TeV and ￡ = 500 fb^-1.     

Gain of harmonic generation in high gain free electron laser

In a planar undulator employed free electron laser (FEL), each harmonic radiation starts from linear amplification and ends with nonlinear harmonic interactions of the lower nonlinear harmonics and the fundamental radiation. In this paper, we investigate the harmonic generation based on the dispersion relation driven from the coupled Maxwell-Vlasov equations, taking into account the effects due to energy spread, emittance, betatron oscillation of electron beam as well as diffraction guiding of the radiation field. A 3D universal scaling function for gain of the linear harmonic generation and a 1D universal scaling function for gain of the nonlinear harmonic generation are presented, which promise rapid computation in FEL design and optimization. The analytical approaches have been validated by 3D simulation results in large range.     

RF deflecting cavity design for bunch length measurement of photoinjector at Tsinghua University

RF deflecting cavity can be used for bunch length measurement and is designed to diagnose the beam produced by the photocathode electron gun which was built at Tsinghua University for the Thomson scattering experiment. Detailed discussion and calculation for measuring the 3.5 MeV bunch and another with further acceleration to 50 MeV, which is under development, are presented. A standing-wave deflecting cavity working at 2856 MHz is designed and the power feeding system has been planned.     

A High-Efficiency Second-Harmonic Gyrotron with a Depressed Collector

The gyrotron with an electrically insulated collector has been manufactured and tested. The 60% output efficiency is obtained for the Collector Potential Depression (CPD) operation regime. The results of the numerical simulation of the electron energy spectrum in the collector region of the second-harmonic technological 24 GHz gyrotron are presented. It is shown, that the minimal electron beam energy is about 20% of the initial value and that the gyrotron cavity should be expanded to achieve the highest output efficiency of the gyrotron with energy recovery. The highest experimental decelerating voltage is in good agreement with the calculation of the electron energy spectrum.     

采用显微图像测量系统实现人体组织典型参数测量

人体组织典型参数的获取对于各类疾病的诊断和治疗有着极其重要的作用。采用高性能显微图像测量系统实现人体组织典型参数在体测量, 对系统研制过程中所涉及的基本原理, 以及图像采集系统、成像系统与图像处理软件等关键性技术问题作了阐述。该显微图像测量系统能快速、有效地完成对人体组织典型图像指标的直接测取和定量分析, 基本实现了人体组织典型参数图像观测的数字化与检测的高智能化。实验结果表明, 采用该系统在体观测人体组织典型参数, 可以实时观测人体组织显微图像, 计算并保存毛细血管网络形态学参数和微血流动力学的各项参数, 同时具有快速简单、精确度高等特点, 可作为医学研究的重要手段之一。     

On the choice of the regularization parameter for the interpretation of ARXPS data using a multilayer model

We report our investigation of the dependence of the profile extracted from ARXPS data on the value of the regularization parameter α. We argue that a choice based upon the L-curve criterion, which does not require knowledge of the variances in the data, is less satisfactory than an approach based on choosing α such that χ²/N = 1.     

Influence of fluctuations on thermal conductivity of high-Tc YBa2Cu3O7−δ superconductor

To study a behavior of the thermal conductivity near T_c specific heat and thermal diffusivity of the YBa₂Cu₃O_7−δ high-T_c ceramics were simultaneously measured. Close to T_c = 92.30 K the thermal diffusivity and the thermal conductivity discovered minima and the specific heat – maximum. Quantitative analysis of the influence of thermodynamical fluctuations showed the same power laws with Gaussian exponent equal to 0.5 and existing of crossover from the 3D Gaussian to 3D XY critical behavior in the specific heat and thermal conductivity at the approach to T_c. To explain the minimum in thermal conductivity at T_c we propose a mechanism of scattering of phonons on the superconducting fluctuations.     

卷云多角度偏振特性研究

由各种形状冰晶粒子组成的卷云,对全球辐射平衡和气候变化有重要的影响,其影响程度取决于卷云本身的微物理特性和光学特性,如冰晶粒子形状、卷云光学厚度和云顶压强等.在对0.865μm波长处卷云光学特性研究的基础上,采用矢量辐射传输方程模拟分析了含卷云层的总反射率和偏振反射率,并利用卫星观测数据验证了模拟结果.分析研究了卷云微物理特征、光学特征和地表反照率对总反射率和偏振反射率的影响.分析表明,可以综合利用多角度偏振遥感信息反演各种卷云参数.这为利用多角度偏振遥感数据反演卷云各参数提供了理论基础. 关键词： 卷云微物理特征 卷云光学特性 多角度偏振辐射 矢量辐射传输方程