高动态范围激光等离子体诊断系统及其在惯性约束聚变实验中的应用

基于高功率激光等离子体X射线辐射谱特性,设计和研制了一种大画幅高动态范围MCP选通型分幅相机. 单画幅宽度13mm,长度36mm,曝光时间0.5—5ns可调.与X射线CCD比较,系统在1.0—10keV的谱响应相对平整,无高能增强效应.利用高功率激光打靶实验进行了性能考核实验,结果表明,系统的信噪比明显好于X射线CCD系统,动态范围大于3×10³. 系统已经在神光Ⅱ装置ICF物理实验中获得成功应用. 关键词： 动态范围 谱响应 激光等离子体诊断 分幅相机     

Modified Bubble Core Fields and Bubble Shape in Laser Driven Plasma

Bubble core fields as well bubble shape modification due to the nondepleted electrons inside the bubble is investigated theoretically. It is found that the slope of transverse fields are reduced significantly, however, the slope of longitudinal electric field, which plays a key role on electrons acceleration in bubble, changes little. Moreover a modified longitudinal compressed bubble shape leads to a shorter dephasing distance which makes the electrons acceleration energy reduced to some extent. As a comparison we perform particle-in-cell simulations whose results are consistent with that of our theoretical consideration.     

靶材偏置低电压对激光等离子体诱导靶上电势信号的影响

针对激光等离子体在Cu靶上诱导产生的电势信号展开实验研究,主要讨论了靶材偏置低电压时对电势信号的影响. 实验结果表明,外加低电压时,靶上电势信号呈现单峰脉冲结构,且靶材偏置负压时为正脉冲,偏置正压时为负脉冲,脉冲幅值随偏置电压增大而增大. 通过对靶上电势信号演化特性的详细分析,从等离子体荷电效应出发,结合靶材偏压造成的电场效应成功解释了靶材偏压对靶上电势信号的影响. 关键词： 激光等离子体 电势 金属元靶 偏置电压     

Stable Propagating Waves and Wake Fields in Relativistic Electromagnetic Plasma

Stable propagating waves and wake fields in relativistic electromagnetic plasma are investigated. The incident electromagnetic field has a finite initial constant amplitude meanwhile the longitudinal momentum of electrons is taken into account in the problem. It is found that in the moving frame with transverse wave group velocity the stable propagating transverse electromagnetic waves and longitudinal plasma wake fields can exist in the appropriate regime of plasma.     

Depth-resolved analysis by laser-induced breakdown spectrometry at reduced pressure

The 581 nm output from a dye laser in a fluence range between 2.86 and 11.47 J cm⁻² was used to ablate pure Zn and Fe foils. The average ablation rate (AAR, μm per shot) was calculated for different experimental variables (buffer gas, pressure, laser fluence and focal conditions). Deposition of previously ablated material in the ablation crater results in large variation of the observed AAR values. This effect was observed in air and argon buffer gases at atmospheric pressure. The situation is largely alleviated at reduced pressure due to free expansion of the ablated material. Under these circumstances the capability of laser-induced plasmas to resolve interfacial structures is improved. The effect on depth-resolved studies was checked with a commercial Zn-coated steel sample. Due to the Gaussian-like energy distribution of the incident laser beam, the material is ablated to produce a conical crater. This fact ensures that the Zn signal remains for a longer time because the ablated region spreads over the edge gradually. At low pressure the emission peaks are better defined and the background becomes flat. However, these conditions produce also the lowest net intensities and some peaks are not detected. An Ar atmosphere produces more intense spectral lines at both pressure levels. Best analytical results were obtained at reduced pressure, with a slight improvement in depth resolution in the presence of Ar. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

激光等离子体二维相对论电磁粒子模拟

研制了激光等离子体二维相对论电磁粒子模拟程序(2DCIC)。追踪几万甚至百万个模拟粒子在外加激光场和自洽场中运动,自洽地计算电荷和电流密度,求解完全的Maxwel方程,电子的相对论运动方程和离子的牛顿运动方程,辅以灵活的诊断研究波-波,波-粒子相互作用的发生、发展和饱和的细节以及时间演化规律。激光可以正入射,也可以斜入射;等离子体可以是均匀密度,也可以具有密度梯度;为了节约机时,还发展了并行运算。物理模型参数可调,既适用于研究激光聚变等离子体相互作用,也适用于超短脉冲超强激光等离子体相互作用和其它等离子体问题。经过多次试算检验,对等离子体平衡态进行了计算研究,对于超短脉冲超强激光的传播也进行了初步模拟计算。     

稠密等离子体表面不稳定性的入射光偏振态效应

用二维粒子模拟程序研究了相对论强激光和稠密等离子体相互作用引起的表面不稳定。数值模拟表明,在s偏振光作用下,等离子体表面出现了类瑞利泰勒不稳定性。形成的不稳定结构随时间发展进一步深入到等离子体内部,最终使等离子体密度形成分层泡状结构,并向前传播。这种不稳定的产生与初始等离子体密度有密切关系,在高于20倍临界密度等离子体的表面没有明显观察到这种不稳定。在p偏振激光作用下,等离子体表面不能明显地形成这种结构。因此在三维几何结构下,这种等离子体表面不稳定性将呈现各向异性。这种表面不稳定将直接影响高次谐波产生和离子加速效率。     

Radiation effects of electrons on multilayer FePS3 studied with laser plasma accelerator

Space radiation with inherently broadband spectral flux poses a huge danger to astronauts and electronics on aircraft, but it is hard to simulate such feature with conventional radiation sources. Using a tabletop laser-plasma accelerator, we can reproduce exponential energy particle beams as similar as possible to these in space radiation. We used such an electron beam to study the electron radiation effects on the surface structure and performance of two-dimensional material (FePS₃). Energetic electron beam led to bulk sample cleavage and damage between areas of uneven thickness. For the FePS₃ sheet sample, electron radiation transformed it from crystalline state to amorphous state, causing the sample surface to rough. The full widths at the half maximum of characteristic Raman peaks became larger, and the intensities of characteristic Raman peaks became weak or even disappeared dramatically under electron radiation. This trend became more obvious for thinner samples, and this phenomenon was attributed to the cleavage of P-P and P-S bonds, destabilizing the bipyramid structure of [P₂S₆]^4- unit. The results are of great significance for testing the maximum allowable radiation dose for the two-dimensional material, implying that FePS₃ cannot withstand such energetic electron radiation without an essential shield.     

一维动理学数值模拟激光与等离子体的相互作用

利用一维(1D3V)、显式、全电磁、相对论粒子模拟代码研究动理学范畴内激光与等离子体相互作用中的受激拉曼散射,给出了粒子代码的控制方程及其数值离散的详细方案,研究表明:动理学效应在受激拉曼散射不稳定性中十分重要;时问平均的反射率在阈值强度处跃升,在更高的激光强度处达到饱和;受激拉曼背向散射周期性地在次皮秒内爆发,离子效应延迟背向拉曼散射的发生;电子俘获导致了背向拉曼散射出现爆发;Langmuir波的非线性频移使得背向散射达到饱和。     

利用激光离焦的方法优化超强激光驱动的质子加速

在中国科学院物理研究所"极光Ⅱ 号"飞秒激光装置上,对激光与薄膜靶相互作用产生的靶后质子束特性进行了实验研究.结果发现,在主脉冲前存在较强的飞秒预脉冲的情况下,通过适当地对激光束散焦,可以使质子束的转换效率提高3 个数量级,并同时改善质子束的准直性.分析表明,激光散焦的方法可以有效地抑制预脉冲的流体力学效应对质子加速的负面影响,从而提高质子的转换效率.此外,粒子模拟还发现,散焦量增大时可以产生更多的中低能超热电子,这也有利于建立高质量的质子加速电场. 关键词： 超短脉冲激光与等离子体相互作用 质子加速 转换效率