非定常尾迹对气膜冷却影响的数值研究

利用数值计算的方法研究了非定常尾迹对动叶气膜冷却效率的影响。在动叶叶片上开有5个气膜孔,重点研究了非定常尾迹对压力面第二个、吸力面第一个气膜孔周围的流场和温度场的影响。发现尾迹会使冷却气流的流向发生很大的改变,甚至发生"分流"、"逆流"的现象,这一点既和尾迹形成的低速区有关,也和气膜孔的位置有关。     

雾化喷射下的波动液膜的电测量

冷却壁面上液膜的特性行为与厚度直接关系到雾化喷射冷却的深入研究。本文报道了在雾化喷射下水平壁面液膜厚度的测量。借助示波器,通过液膜直流信号配以几何尺寸的精确测量,实验研究了给定喷管雾化喷射下液膜波动行为和厚度随压力和喷头高度的变化。结合对流传热系数测量,分析了液膜厚度与雾化喷射冷却条件及效果的关系。     

套管型太阳能吸附集热器实验研究

针对常用太阳能吸附制冷装置采用平板式太阳能吸附集热器存在的不足,如焊接密封工艺要求高,不能应用氨工质,工程应用检修要求复杂等,本文构造了套管型太阳能吸附集热器,它除了可有效克服上述问题外,还可采用玻璃真空管等工艺取代发泡材料进行热防护处理,而且还能用于以真空系统运行的太阳能吸附制冷系统(采用水或甲醇等为制冷剂)。本文以活性碳-甲醇为工质对,对套管太阳能吸附集热器进行了实验,研究发现,该装置性能与玻璃套管类型,管间距等有关。采用普通型玻璃套管,其性能比平板吸附集热器系统略有下降,但处理工艺比较简单,成本较低,商用前景较好。     

自然循环预冷和低温热管耦合系统的初步实验研究

介绍的高效低温传热方法主要包括 :自然循环冷却法和基于自然循环预冷及低温热管的高效低温冷却方法。自然循环冷却法的特点是在大温差条件下实现物体的快速冷却。一旦被冷却物体到达或接近低温液体的温度 ,将产生循环动力不足的情况 ,必须采用诸如气体引射或容器自增压等方法加以解决。而低温热管的特点在于能在小温差条件下 ,传递大量的热能。文中将自然循环预冷法及低温热管技术有机结合 ,综合自然循环和低温热管的优点 ,取长补短 ,既可以在很短的时间内使被冷却物体的温度降低下来 ,又可以保证被冷却物体的温度波动较小。文中还详细给出了基于自然循环预冷及低温热管的高效低温传热单元的设计及试验结果     

矩形射流流动和燃烧中拟序结构的实验研究

对2:1的矩形喷口射流流动和燃烧过程进行了系列实验,展示了拟序结构的演化过程以及射流近场间歇产生的 圆环内接矩形和触角形结构,这些结构的形成与大涡的演变存在密切相关;流动和燃烧的实验结果都表明副平面内的射流 扩展角度大于主平面。副平面内大涡的运动会拉伸或压缩火焰锋面,并在局部区域形成火焰面的“孤岛”结构。     

涡轮叶栅双排孔气膜冷却数值模拟

采用具有三阶精度TVD性质的有限差分格式、自由型曲面技术以及分区网格算法,对某型具有冷气孔形状的涡轮叶栅进行了全三维N-S方程数值求解,描述了相邻两排冷气射流在叶栅吸力面形成的冷却气膜以及壁面附近冷却射流运动的特点,分析了不同吹风比和喷射角度情况下冷却绝热效率的分布规律。结果表明,在较大的吹风比和喷射角下,交错排列的两排冷却射流运动规律非常复杂,在两排孔之间的区域与冷气孔下游区域冷却气膜的形成规律具有明显的区别。     

Quantifying Conformational Isomerism in Chain Molecules by Linear Raman Spectroscopy: The Case of Methyl Esters

The conformational preferences of the ester group have the potential to facilitate the large amplitude folding of long alkyl chains in the gas phase. They are monitored by Raman spectroscopy in supersonic jet expansions for the model system methyl butanoate, after establishing a quantitative relationship with quantum–chemical predictions for methyl methanoate. This requires a careful analysis of experimental details, and a simulation of the rovibrational contours for near-symmetric top molecules. The technique is shown to be complementary to microwave spectroscopy in quantifying coexisting conformations. It confirms that a C−O−C(=O)–C–C chain segment can be collapsed into a single all-trans conformation by collisional cooling, whereas alkyl chain isomerism beyond this five-membered chain largely survives the jet expansion. This sets the stage for the investigation of linear alkyl alkanoates in terms of dispersion-induced stretched-chain to hairpin transitions by Raman spectroscopy.     

Preparation of novel Ni-Ir/r-Al2O3 catalyst via high-frequency cold plasma direct reduction process

The novel Ni-Ir/γ-Al2O3 catalyst was prepared by high-frequency cold plasma direct reduction method (NIA-P) under ambient conditions without thermal treatment, and the conventional sample was prepared by impregnation, thermal calcination, and then by H2 reduction method (NIA-CR). The effects of reduction methods on catalysts for ammonia decomposition were studied, and the catalysts were characterized by XRD, N2 adsorption, XPS, and H2-TPD. It was found that the plasma-reduced NIA-P sample showed a better catalytic performance, over which ammonia conversion was 68.9%, at T = 450 ℃, P = 1 atm, and GHSV = 30, 000 h−1. It was 31.7% higher than that of the conventional NIA-CR sample. XRD results showed that the crystallite size decreased for the sample with plasma reduction, and the dispersion of active components was improved. There were more active components on the surface of the NIA-P sample from the XPS results. This effect resulted in the higher activity for decomposition of ammonia. Meanwhile, the plasma process significantly decreased the time of preparing catalyst.     

基于冷负荷需求的空调节能控制模型

针对商场中央空调的节能控制问题,首先建立了基于空调运行模式、经验值的冷负荷计算模型,给出了4种计算方法,并得出了人体冷负荷和照明电气设备冷负荷值的范围;然后对人流量分布进行合理假设,得出了商场冷负荷的函数表达式,讨论了冷负荷的误差范围,并用最小二乘方法对表达式进行了修正;再根据冷负荷的表达式建立了基于能量需求的空调节能模型,得出了制冷机组的控制策略,并给出了节能效果;最后计算出了基准冷负荷的值以及当商场温度升高1度基准冷负荷的减少比例.     

Existence of global invariant jet differentials on projective hypersurfaces of high degree

Let be a smooth complex projective hypersurface. In this paper we show that, if the degree of X is large enough, then there exist global sections of the bundle of invariant jet differentials of order n on X, vanishing on an ample divisor. We also prove a logarithmic version, effective in low dimension, for the log-pair , where D is a smooth irreducible divisor of high degree. Moreover, these result are sharp, i.e. one cannot have such jet differentials of order less than n.