On Short Time Asymptotic Behavior of Some Symmetric Diffusions on General State Spaces

For conservative symmetric diffusions on a general state space (X,m), the short time asymptotic behavior of tlog _X 1 _A T _t 1 _B dm is investigated, where T _t is the associated semigroup and A and B are measurable subsets of X. It is proved that the superior limit is dominated by the inferior limit up to some absolute constant. When ₂ of the associated Dirichlet form is lower bounded, it is shown that the limit exists for any A and B, and is described by the intrinsic metric between them. Applications to infinite-dimensional spaces and fractals are given.     

Information Theories with Adversaries,Intrinsic Information,and Entanglement

There are aspects of privacy theory that are analogous to quantum theory. In particular one can define distillable key and key cost in parallel to distillable entanglement and entanglement cost. We present here classical privacy theory as a particular case of information theory with adversaries, where similar general laws hold as in entanglement theory. We place the result of Renner and Wolf—that intrinsic information is lower bound for key cost—into this general formalism. Then we show that the question of whether intrinsic information is equal to key cost is equivalent to the question of whether Alice and Bob can create a distribution product with Eve using I_M bits of secret key. We also propose a natural analogue of relative entropy of entanglement in privacy theory and show that it is equal to the intrinsic information. We also provide a formula analogous to the entanglement of formation for classical distributions. It is our pleasure to dedicate this paper to Asher Peres on the occasion of his seventieth birthday.     

External Fields, Density Functionals, and the Gibbs Inequality

By combining the upper and lower bounds to the free energy as given by the Gibbs inequality for two systems with the same intermolecular interactions but with external fields differing from each other only in a finite region of space , we show that the corresponding equilibrium densities must also differ from each other somewhere in . We note that the basic equations of density functional theory arise naturally from a simple rearrangement and reinterpretation of the terms in the upper bound Gibbs inequality for such systems and briefly discuss some of the complications that occur when the intermolecular interactions of the two systems also differ.     

On Exciton Decoherence in Quantum Dots

The effects resulting due to dressing of an exciton with phonons are analyzed as the source of unavoidable decoherence of orbital degrees of freedom in quantum dots. The dressing with longitudinal optical phonons results in energetic shift of order of a few meV even of the ground state of exciton in a state-of-the-art InAs/GaAs dot and the mediating role of longitudinal acoustical phonons is essential in this process. The characteristic time needed for dressing of the exciton with optical phonons is of a picosecond order. That time can be regarded as the lower limit for decoherence for optically driven quantum gates employing self-assembled quantum dot structures.     

超导量子比特中的量子跳跃方法

量子力学自建立以来很长一段时间被当作是描述系综运动的理论。但是上世纪80年代对囚禁离子和原子的研究观测到了量子跳跃现象,迫使人们发展了一些能够用于单量子系统的方法,其中之一就是量子跳跃方法。本文总结了我们近来把量子跳跃方法应用到以约瑟夫森隧道结为基础的超导量子比特的工作。我们不但实验观测到宏观量子系统中的量子跳跃,还可以利用量子跳跃现象来研究固体中普遍存在的两能级系统及其引起的超导量子比特中的退相干。     

Short-Time Decoherence of Solid-State Qubit at Optimal Operation Points

We investigate the short-time decoherence of a solid-state qubit under Ohmic noise at optimal operation points. The decoherence is analyzed by maximum norm of the deviation density operator. It is shown that at the temperature T = 3 mK, the loss of the fidelity due to decoherence is much smaller than the DiVincenzo low decoherence criterion, which means that the mode/may be an optimal candidate of qubit for quantum computation.     

Transverse spin and momentum correlations in quantum chromodynamics

The naive time reversal odd (‘T-odd’) parton distribution and fragmentation functions are explored. We use the spectator model framework to study flavour dependence of the Boer-Mulders (h ₁^⊥ ) and Sivers (f _1T^⊥) functions as well as the ‘T-even’ but chiral odd function h _1L^⊥. These transverse momentum-dependent parton distribution functions are of significance for the analysis of azimuthal asymmetries in semi-inclusive deep inelastic scattering, as well as for the overall physical understanding of the distribution of transversely polarized quarks in unpolarized hadrons. In this context we also consider the Collins mechanism and the fragmentation function H ₁^⊥. As a by-product of this analysis we calculate the leading twist unpolarized cos(2ϕ) asymmetry, and sin(2ϕ) single spin asymmetry for a longitudinally polarized target in semi-inclusive deep inelastic scattering.      

区间数的标准表示及其四则运算法则与泛灰数的内在联系

在回顾泛灰数四则运算法则基础上,给出了区间数的标准表示,论述了标准区间数的四则运算法则与泛灰数的内在联系及其应用前景.     

ZnO压敏陶瓷介电损耗的温度谱研究

利用Novocontrol宽频介电谱仪在-100—20 ℃温度范围内测量了ZnO-Bi₂O₃系压敏陶瓷的介电频谱,其频率范围为10^-2—10⁶ Hz. 研究表明： ZnO压敏陶瓷特征损耗峰的活化能分别为0.26和0.36 eV,结合实验条件、理论计算结果及其他现象的分析排除了特征损耗峰源于阴极电子注入、夹层极化和偶极子转向极化的可能.热刺激电流（TSC）谱共出现三个峰,其中高温峰对应于TSC实验加压过程引入的热离子极化,而中温峰和低温峰对应于介电损耗峰. 在分析的基础上,提出了ZnO压敏陶瓷的特征损耗峰起源于耗尽层内本征缺陷的电子弛豫过程. 关键词： ZnO压敏陶瓷 本征缺陷 介电谱 热刺激电流