非完整约束奇异广义力学系统的Poincaré-Cartan积分

对受高阶微商非完整约束并用奇异Lagrange量描述的广义力学系 统，基于广义Apell-Четаев约束条件，并考虑到系统的内在约束，导出了该非完整 约 束奇异广义力学系统的广义Poincaré-Cartan积分不变量. 并证明了该不变量与非完整约束 奇异广义力学系统的广义正则方程等价.     

快冷Fe_(71)Al_(29)合金中的两个内耗峰

用一个计算机控制的倒扭摆研究了快冷Fe71 Al2 9合金中的两个内耗峰 .在快冷的Fe71 Al2 9样品中分别在 180℃(P1 ) ,340℃ (P2 )和 5 10℃ (P3)出现了内耗峰 ,而在慢冷的Fe71 Al2 9样品中只发现了P3峰 .快冷样品中的P1 和P2峰在从 6 5 0℃冷却下来的测量过程中或在 35 0℃经过较长时间的时效后消失 ,其峰高随时效时间的增加而下降 ,直至消失 .P1 和P2 峰都有弛豫特征 ,它们的激活能分别为 :H1 =1.0 3± 0 .0 8eV(P1 峰 ) ;H2 =1.6 4± 0 .0 5eV(P2 峰 ) .P1 峰被认为是无序合金中Al原子在四面体点阵内的最近邻运动所引起 ,P2 峰则是无序合金中Al原子在四面体点阵内的次近邻运动所引起     

3004铝合金“反常”锯齿屈服现象的研究

在应变速率为5.56×10^-5s^-1—5.56×10^-3s^-1的范围内，在不同温度下(从223K至773K)，对3004铝合金进行系列拉伸试验，探索其锯齿屈服规律；通过激活能的计算、内耗研究、微观组织观察和能谱分析，探讨锯齿屈服的机理与物理本质.结果表明，3004铝合金在形变过程中会出现动态应变时效现象；发现了一种“反常”的锯齿屈服现象：在出现锯齿屈服的温区内，存在锯齿屈服临界应变量转变温度T_t， 关键词： 动态应变时效 锯齿屈服 铝合金 内耗     

Homogeneous immunoassays

Applied Biochemistry and Biotechnology -     

On interrelation between the internal pressure and the cohesion energy density

The question about the definition of the “internal pressure” concept is being discussed. It is shown that the previously found differential relation between the cohesion energy density and the internal pressure is one of the examples of an absolutely general interrelation between definitely connected differential functions. It is ascertained that the ratio (the internal pressure divided by the cohesion energy density) is a structuresensitive parameter inherent to the calorific (thermal) equation of a liquid state.     

Mindlin板几何非线性分析的附加内部剪应变法

本文在几何非线性分析的Ｍｉｎｄｌｉｎ板元中引入单元附加内部剪应变，有效地解决了薄板情况下的剪切自锁问题．文中导出了相应的能量相容条件，给出了有限元非线性列式的全过程及有关簿板及中厚板大挠度问题的数值结果．     

Experimental Evaluation of Strain Shielding in Distal Femur in Revision TKA

Theoretical concerns about the use of cemented and press-fit stems in revision total knee arthroplasty (TKA) include stress shielding with adverse effects on prosthesis fixation. Radiological studies have showed distal femoral bone resorption after revision TKA. The revision with use of stems can place abnormal stresses. These stresses can promote the effect of bone stress shielding and may contribute to bone loss. Experimental quantification of strain shielding in the distal synthetic femur following TKA is the main purpose of the present study. Three different constructs of TKA were assessed. The first construct included a stemless femoral component. The other two included a press-fit and a cemented femoral stem. Cortical bone strains were measured experimentally with tri-axial strain gauges in synthetic femurs before and after in-vitro knee surgery. The difference between principal strains of implanted and intact femur was calculated for each strain gauge position. This study indicates that the use of stems in distal femur changes the distribution and magnitude of bone strains. The press-fit stem provoked relevant bone area (stem length) subjected to strain shielding and also originated the highest reduction of strains in the distal region, which can potentially induce bone resorption. The stemless implanted femur produced minor bone strain changes relatively to the intact femur. The use of distal femur stems increases initial stability in the bone, but the observed reduction of strains in this region, relative to the intact femur, provokes strain shielding that can induce bone resorption and may compromise the long term implant stability.     

Anomalies of attenuation and phase velocity of surface acoustic waves in YBa2Cu3O7‒δ thin films in the vicinity of Tc

We present measurements of the attenuation and phase velocity of surface acoustic waves in thin YBa₂Cu₃O films as a function of temperature, in magnetic fields up to 3.6 T applied parallel to the c-axis of the films. We have observed anomalies in both, the attenuation and the phase velocity in the vicinity of the superconducting critical temperature which do not depend on the magnetic field. Possible origins of these anomalies, observed, to our knowledge, for the first time in YBa₂Cu₃O thin films, are discussed and compared to bulk acoustic wave experiments. We present a kind of feedback technique for surface acoustic waves which improves the sensitivity of this type of measurement. The actual sensitivity limits are mentioned. Received: 7 August 1997 / Revised: 7 November 1997 / Accepted: 17 November 1997     

Drift tube investigations on the reactions of O 2 + with CH4 and of CO 2 + with NO in various buffer gases

The influence of internal excitation on the reactions of O ₂ ⁺ + CH₄ and of CO ₂ ⁺ + NO has been investigated using a slow flow drift tube. The rate coefficients for these reactions obtained as a function of relative kinetic energy in various buffer gases like He, Ne, Ar, and Kr showed higher values under conditions where the internal excitation of the reactant ions was enhanced. For both reactions the lowest reactivity at all kinetic energies was observed to occur in He, indicating that He is the least effective buffer for collisionally inducing internal excitation of molecular ions.     

Ab initio study of the ground state and conformational stability of peroxyacetyl nitrate in internal rotation about the peroxide bond

The molecular and electronic structure of the ground state of peroxyacetyl nitrate (PAN) was calculated by the unrestricted Hartree-Fock-Roothaan method with the use of the standard 3–21G and 6–31G basis set. The potential curve of the internal rotation about the peroxide bond of PAN was calculated with the 6–31G basis set. The curve contains two maxima. The ground state of PAN is characterized by a structure in which groups of atoms adjacent to the peroxide bond lie in planes that are perpendicular to each other (the dihedral angle ϱ(COON) is 89.9°). The calculated barriers to rotation are 19.6 and 66.8 kJ mol⁻¹. Translated fromIzvestiya Akademii Nauk. Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 4, pp. 600–604, April, 1998.