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231.
Marcin Wieczorek Anna Tobiasz Danuta Dudek-Adamska Stanisław Walas Paweł Kościelniak 《Analytical letters》2017,50(14):2279-2291
Selenium was determined in serum, hair, and tobacco by inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry using 77Se, 78Se, and 82Se. The set of standards method (SSM) and the standard addition method (SAM) were applied to calibration with and without the use of internal standards (72Ge and 103Rh). In addition, the usefulness of the dynamic reaction cell (DRC) with methane as the reaction gas was characterized. The results obtained in different conditions were evaluated in terms of precision and accuracy. It was demonstrated theoretically and experimentally that an internal standard is a potential source of systematic errors as it can be influenced multiplicatively and additively by its own interferents (independently of selenium). Furthermore, it was shown that—against common opinion—an internal standard can fail in elimination of chemical interference effects influencing selenium and in increasing of precision of selenium determinations. The DRC was shown to be effective in the elimination of additive effects, although the results obtained by both SSM and SAM with DRC were systematically positively erroneous. Finally, selenium was determined accurately in each examined sample when SAM was applied to calibration, and signals were measured either for 82Se without the use of the DRC, or for 77Se or 78Se with the use of the DRC. In addition, it has also been shown that samples should be diluted prior to analysis to the greatest acceptable extent. 相似文献
232.
《Journal of computational chemistry》2017,38(12):892-900
An accurate potential energy surface of sulfur dioxide, SO2, in its ground electronic state has been determined from ab initio calculations using the coupled‐cluster approach in conjunction with the correlation‐consistent basis sets up to septuple‐zeta quality. The results obtained with the conventional and explicitly correlated coupled‐cluster methods are compared. The role of the core–electron correlation, higher‐order valence–electron correlation, scalar relativistic, and adiabatic effects in determining the structure and dynamics of the SO2 molecule is discussed. The vibration‐rotation energy levels of the 32SO2 and 34SO2 isotopologues were predicted using a variational approach. It was shown that the inclusion of the aforementioned effects was mandatory to attain the “spectroscopic” accuracy. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. 相似文献
233.
234.
本文以量级分析为基础,建立了一般曲线坐标系上的三维旋转边界层方程。对旋转在边界层中的影响进行分析之后,提出了一个能够处理壁面法向压力梯度不为零问题的压力梯度迭代方法。在传统的Box法的基础上发展了一套完整的求解三维旋转边界层的方法和程序,并对螺旋面、压气机转子叶面以及圆柱面上的旋转边界层进行了计算,与他人的计算和实验的对比分析表明,该方法和程序是正确的,可用于求解任意几何物面上的三维旋转边界层。 相似文献
235.
In this paper, a theoretical investigation of nonlinear vibrations of a 2 degrees of freedom system when subjected to saturation
is studied. The method has been especially applied to a system that consists of a DC motor with a nonlinear controller and
a harmonic forcing voltage. Approximate solutions are sought using the method of multiple scales. It is shown that the closed-loop
system exhibits different response regimes. The nature and stability of these regimes are studied and the stability boundaries
are obtained. The effects of the initial conditions on the response of the system have also been investigated. Furthermore,
the second-order solution is presented and the corresponding results are compared with those of the first-order solution.
It is shown that by increasing the amplitude of the excitation voltage, the higher-order term in the solution becomes significant
and causes a drift in the response. In order to verify the obtained theoretical results, they are compared with the corresponding
numerical results. Good agreement between the two sets of results is observed. 相似文献
236.
Flight tests of modern high-performance fighter aircraft reveal the presence of limit cycle oscillation (LCO) responses for aircraft with certain external store configurations. Conventional linear aeroelastic analysis predicts flutter for conditions well beyond the operational envelope, yet these store-induced LCO responses occur at flight conditions within the flight envelope. Several nonlinear sources may be present, including aerodynamic effects such as flow separation and shock-boundary layer interaction and structural effects such as stiffening, damping, and system kinematics. No complete theory has been forwarded to accurately explain the mechanisms responsible. This research examines a two degree-of-freedom aeroelastic system which possesses kinematic nonlinearities and a strong nonlinearity in pitch stiffness. Nonlinear analysis techniques are used to gain insight into the characteristics of the behavior of the system. Numerical simulation is used to verify and validate the analysis. It is found that when system damping is low, the system clearly exhibits nonlinear interaction between aeroelastic modes. It is also shown that although certain applied forcing conditions may appear negligible, these same forces produce large amplitude LCOs under specific realizable circumstances. 相似文献
237.
Angelika Baranowska Krzysztof Z. Ła̧czkowski Andrzej J. Sadlej 《Journal of computational chemistry》2010,31(6):1176-1181
We have carried out extensive studies on the basis set dependence of the calculated specific optical rotation (OR) in molecules at the level of the time–dependent Hartree–Fock and density functional approximations. To reach the limits of the basis set saturation, we have devised an artificial model, the asymmetrically deformed (chiral) methane (CM) molecule. This small system permits to use basis sets which are prohibitively large for real chiral molecules and yet shows all the important features of the basis set dependence of the OR values. The convergence of the OR has been studied with n‐aug‐cc‐pVXZ basis sets of Dunning up to the 6–ζ. In a parallel series of calculations, we have used the recently developed large polarized (LPolX) basis sets. The relatively small LPolX sets have been shown to be competitive to very large n‐aug‐cc‐pVXZ basis sets. The conclusions reached in calculations of OR in CM concerning the usefulness of LPolX basis sets have been further tested on (S)‐methyloxirane and (S)‐fluoro‐oxirane. The smallest set of the LPolX family (LPol–ds) has been found to yield OR values of similar quality as those obtained with much larger Dunning's aug‐cc‐pVQZ basis set. These results have encouraged us to carry out the OR calculations with LPol–ds basis sets for systems as large as β‐pinene and trans‐pinane. In both cases, our calculations have lead to the correct sign of the OR value in these molecules. This makes the relatively small LPol–ds basis sets likely to be useful in OR calculations for large molecules. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Comput Chem, 2010 相似文献
238.
The structure of oxalyl bromide (COBr)2 in the ground and four lowest excited electronic states was theoretically investigated using the CASPT2/cc-pVTZ-DK method. Structural information obtained allowed the reassignment of the and vibronic absorption spectra. Generalization of oxalyl halide structural data for the ground and excited electronic states is presented. 相似文献
239.
A chirped pulse microwave spectrometer has been used to record microwave spectra of the 35Cl and 37Cl isotopologues of methyl chlorodifluoroacetate, CClF2C(O)OCH3, between 8 GHz and 16 GHz. The target compound was spectroscopically examined as it participated in a supersonic expansion of argon. Only one conformer was observed. The rotational spectra were recorded with sufficient resolution to observe (i) splittings due to the internal rotation of the methyl group, and (ii) splittings from the coupling of the chlorine quadrupolar nucleus. A total of 785 transitions have had quantum numbers assigned. Analysis of the spectra observed has produced an experimental barrier to the methyl group internal rotation, V3, of 370(2) cm−1. It is noted that this barrier is a little lower than that determined for methyl acetate [V3 = 425 cm−1, J. Sheridan, W. Bossert and A. Bauder, J. Mol. Spectrosc., 80 (1980) 1-11], and this is rationalized through a comparison of molecular structures. Lastly, all components of both the 35Cl and 37Cl chlorine nuclear electric quadrupolar coupling tensor have been determined. 相似文献
240.
The gas-phase Raman spectra of 1,3-butadiene and its 2,3-d2, 1,1,4,4-d4, and d6 isotopologues have been recorded with high sensitivity and resolution of 0.7 cm−1. Hot band series of fundamentals and combinations involving the ν13 torsional vibration of the s-trans rotamer have been observed for each of the isotopologues. Modes studied were ν10 (CH wag), ν12 (CH2 twist), ν10 + ν12, ν15 (CH2 wag) + ν16 (CH2 twist), and ν23 (CH2 rock) + ν24 (CCC deformation). The spacings of the quantum states of the torsional contribution were found to decrease with additional excitation of this mode (ν13) in the upper vibrational states except for the ν23 + ν24 combination state. 相似文献