基于HITRAN数据库的深海甲烷辐射光谱仿真研究

研发能够精确、实时、原位获取热液甲烷数据的深海甲烷传感器对深海研究具有非常重要的意义。前期研制的两款深海甲烷光学成像干涉系统,均利用甲烷辐射光谱开展甲烷状态参数探测和反演。首先,以分子光谱辐射理论为基础,建立了分子辐射光谱与浓度、温度、压强的理论关系式,结合深海高压环境特点,建立了基于Lorentz线型的深海分子辐射模型,该模型为利用光谱法定量反演分子浓度、温度、压强等状态参数提供理论依据,同时为深海分子光谱仿真提供有力工具。接着,借助HITRAN分子光谱数据库提供的分子基本谱线参数,挑选出甲烷成像干涉系统的光源谱线。对比CH₄分子与CO₂, H₂S, H₂O等分子的特征吸收谱线,在5 990～6 150 cm-1波段范围内,CH₄谱线强度比CO₂, H₂S, H₂O等三种干扰分子的谱线强度约高2～3个数量级,且此波段内甲烷六条有效谱线分布均匀,谱线间距皆约为2～3 nm,非常适合采用光谱法进行分子状态参数探测,因此选择谱线干扰较弱、谱线分布均匀、谱线间距适中的甲烷六条谱线(1 640.37, 1 642.91, 1 645.56, 1 648.23, 1 650.96和1 653.72 nm)作为甲烷成像干涉探测系统的目标光源谱线。最后,基于深海分子辐射模型和HITRAN数据库的甲烷分子基本谱线参数,人工合成了甲烷任意浓度,任意温度和任意压强的辐射光谱数据,并分析了甲烷辐射光谱随浓度、温度和压强的变化特征。对于单一中心谱线,甲烷分子辐亮度随着浓度的升高而线性增大,随着温度的升高而非线性增大,随着压强的升高而非线性减小。对于全波段谱线,甲烷辐射光谱的全线宽随着浓度、温度的升高而变宽,随着压强的升高而变窄。建立的深海甲烷辐射光谱理论和仿真分析结果,可以为基于光谱法的海洋原位甲烷传感器的研制和数据反演提供数据支撑和理论依据。     

量子超化学中的类双缝干涉：玻色-爱因斯坦凝聚原子-三聚物相干转化

文章作者首次研究了玻色凝聚体中原子与三原子异核分子间的相干转化过程,特别是双通道量子干涉效应的作用,该效应可以看作是量子简并物质波化学中的类双缝干涉.利用相长干涉可以进一步提高分子制备过程的产率,为异核分子的产生和相干调控提供了一个新的技术.此工作发表在2007年第9卷第133002页的Phys.Rev.Lett上.     

脉冲功率电源辐射电磁场测量与分析

对采用三电极气体间隙放电开关的脉冲功率电源和采用可控硅开关的脉冲功率电源进行了辐射电磁场测量与分析。所研究的脉冲功率电源的脉冲持续时间为ms量级,电流峰值为几十到几百kA。使用多组微分式磁场探头和高采样率、高存储深度的数字示波器进行了磁场测量;通过探头校对实验,对探头系数进行了校验。通过对微分测量结果的校正与积分运算,得到了磁场的时域波形。分析了低频段按照探头系数的计算方法和积分处理方法的关系,总结了时域波形重构的一些方法。得到了两种电源的电磁场特性：三电极气体间隙放电开关产生的磁场频谱范围可达10 MHz,而可控硅开关产生的磁场在1 MHz以内;其辐射电场微弱。     

蓝宝石衬底上GaN薄膜的结构和光学特性表征

采用低压金属有机化学气相沉积(LPMOCVD)法,成功地在(0001)晶向的蓝宝石(Al2O3)衬底上制备了高质量的GaN薄膜.并利用X射线衍射(XRD)谱和椭圆偏振光谱(SE)对其结构和光学特性作了表征.XRD谱中,在34.5°和72.9°附近出现了两个尖锐的衍射峰,分析表明这两个衍射峰分别对应纤锌矿(Wurtzite) 结构GaN薄膜的(0002)和(0004)晶向.其中GaN (0002)晶向衍射峰的半高宽(FWHM)很窄,只有0.1°左右,并且GaN(0004)晶向衍射峰强度很强,二者均证实了采用LPMOCVD法制备的GaN薄膜具有高的质量.在介电函数和反射谱中,GaN高的透明性(＜3.44eV)诱导了强的干涉振荡.室温下拟合出的表征带间跃迁的光学带隙约为3.44eV.     

不同转换方式对三角函数算子分割效果的影响

提出了一种新的图像分割算法－三角函数算子,它是一种基于光学干涉原理的快速图像分割方法,并分析了其硬件实现装置。在该算子的运用中需要将输入图像的强度信息转化为相应的相位信息。定义了不同的强度-相位转换方式,例如线性方式、对数函数方式、正切函数方式、反正切函数方式等。通过数值计算,研究了不同转化方式对三角函数算子分割效果的影响。结果显示,不同的转换方式及其参数,都直接影响该算子的分割效果和边缘类型分辨能力。分析表明,在对数S形函数方式下,不但能够检测阶梯状和脉冲状等类型的边缘,还能够检测出屋顶状边缘。     

微型计算机在脉冲磁场作用下的效应试验

介绍了脉冲强磁场模拟器的工作原理, 将微型计算机置于脉冲磁场模拟器中,通过改变脉冲磁场的幅度和上升时间,研究脉冲磁场对微电子设备的干扰途径、干扰阈值与脉冲上升时间、脉冲宽度的关系。试验结果表明,微电子设备的连接电缆是脉冲磁场干扰引入的主要途径;简单的屏蔽措施对于脉冲磁场干扰有一定的抑制作用;脉冲磁场的时间变化率越大,对微电子设备的干扰作用越强。     

Oligonucleotide-Based Approaches to Inhibit Dengue Virus Replication

Dengue fever is one of the most common viral infections affecting humans. It is an expanding public health problem, particularly in tropical and subtropical regions. No effective vaccine or antiviral therapies against Dengue virus (DENV) infection are available. Therefore, there is a strong need to develop safe and effective therapeutic strategies that can reduce the burden and duration of hospitalizations due to this life-threatening disease. Oligonucleotide-based strategies are considered as an attractive means of inhibiting viral replication since oligonucleotides can be designed to interact with any viral RNA, provided its sequence is known. The resultant targeted destruction of viral RNA interferes with viral replication without inducing any adverse effects on cellular processes. In this review, we elaborate the ribozymes, RNA interference, CRISPR, aptamer and morpholino strategies for the inhibition of DENV replication and discuss the challenges involved in utilizing such approaches.     

An Application of Inverse Reinforcement Learning to Estimate Interference in Drone Swarms

Despite the increasing applications, demands, and capabilities of drones, in practice they have only limited autonomy for accomplishing complex missions, resulting in slow and vulnerable operations and difficulty adapting to dynamic environments. To lessen these weaknesses, we present a computational framework for deducing the original intent of drone swarms by monitoring their movements. We focus on interference, a phenomenon that is not initially anticipated by drones but results in complicated operations due to its significant impact on performance and its challenging nature. We infer interference from predictability by first applying various machine learning methods, including deep learning, and then computing entropy to compare against interference. Our computational framework begins by building a set of computational models called double transition models from the drone movements and revealing reward distributions using inverse reinforcement learning. These reward distributions are then used to compute the entropy and interference across a variety of drone scenarios specified by combining multiple combat strategies and command styles. Our analysis confirmed that drone scenarios experienced more interference, higher performance, and higher entropy as they became more heterogeneous. However, the direction of interference (positive vs. negative) was more dependent on combinations of combat strategies and command styles than homogeneity.     

Degrees of Freedom of a K-User Interference Channel in the Presence of an Instantaneous Relay

In this paper, we study the degrees of freedom (DoF) of a frequency-selective K-user interference channel in the presence of an instantaneous relay (IR) with multiple receiving and transmitting antennas. We investigate two scenarios based on the IR antennas’ cooperation ability. First, we assume that the IR receiving and transmitting antennas can coordinate with each other and that the transmitted signal of each transmitting antenna can depend on the received signals of all receiving antennas, and we derive lower and upper bounds for the sum DoF of this model. In an interference alignment scheme, we divide receivers into two groups called clean and dirty receivers. We design our scheme such that a part of the messages of clean receivers can be de-multiplexed at the IR. Thus, the IR can use these message streams for an interference cancellation at the clean receivers. Next, we consider an IR, the antennas of which do not have coordination with each other and where the transmitted signal of each transmitting antenna depends only on the received signal of its corresponding receiving antenna. We also derive lower and upper bounds for the sum DoF for this model of IR. We show that the achievable sum DoF decreases considerably compared with the coordinated case. In both of these models, our schemes achieve the maximum K sum DoF if the number of transmitting and receiving antennas is more than a finite threshold.     

重频超宽带脉冲干扰低噪声放大器

理论分析和仿真研究了重频超宽带脉冲对低噪声放大器（LNA）的干扰特征,给出了高斯脉冲幅度、脉宽及重频等参数对LNA干扰效果的规律,对工作于40~80 MHz频段的接收机LNA开展了相关验证实验。结果表明：干扰特征主要由LNA工作频带和脉冲参数决定;不同脉冲参数对干扰的效果影响不同,脉冲幅值的影响最显著;在验证实验研究的参数范围内,增大高斯脉冲幅度、脉宽和重频均有利于增强对LNA的干扰效果。