Anthraquinones from the Aerial Parts of Rubia cordifolia with Their NO Inhibitory and Antibacterial Activities

The present study aimed to identify the composition of the aerial parts of Rubia cordifolia L. A chemical investigation on the EtOAc extracts from the aerial parts of Rubia cordifolia resulted in the isolation of four new anthraquinones, namely Cordifoquinone A–D (1–4), along with 16 known anthraquinones. Their structures were elucidated on the basis of NMR and HR-ESIMS data. All isolates were assessed for their inhibitory effects on NO production in LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 macrophage cells. Compounds 1, 3 and 10 exhibited significant inhibitory activities with IC₅₀ values of 14.05, 23.48 and 29.23 μmol·L⁻¹, respectively. Their antibacterial activities of four bacteria, Escherichia coli (ATCC 25922), Staphylococcus aureus subsp. aureus (ATCC 29213), Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica (ATCC 14028) and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (ATCC 27853), were also evaluated. Our results indicated that the antibacterial activity of these compounds is inactive.     

Compounds with inhibitory activity on peristalsis from the seeds of Holarrhena antidysenterica

Eight compounds were isolated from the seeds of Holarrhena antidysenterica Wall.ex A.DC. On the basis of physico-chemical properties and spectroscopic data, holarrhenanan (1) was identified as a new compound, compounds 2–3 were isolated from H. antidysenterica for the first time, and five known compounds were also obtained. Inhibitory effects of some compounds and extracts to the intestinal peristalsis were evaluated. Results showed that the extracts and compounds 4, 6 exhibited remarkable inhibitory effects with tension inhibition rate of 32.77, 32.77% and amplitude inhibition rate of 59.51, 55.98%, respectively on the vitro rabbit intestinal peristalsis.     

宽板塑性弯曲成形过程中的板厚变化规律

根据宽板弯曲过程中的变形与应力分布特征，提出了一种计算弯曲过程中板料厚度随弯曲程度变化的新的近似解答方法．该方法基于塑性增量理论，应用塑性成形过程的体积不变假设和弯曲过程的平面假设．作为算例，得到了理想刚塑性材料的板料厚度、变薄系数以及应变中性层内移系数随板料弯曲内表面曲率半径变化的规律，并与实验数据进行了比较，两吻合良好．     

考虑塑性变形发展程度系数的RC梁开裂弯矩改进计算公式

针对RC梁开裂荷载计算方法尚未统一的现状,首先,结合18根RC梁试验数据对比了已有的6种RC梁开裂弯矩计算公式,发现开裂弯矩理论计算值与试验值的偏差大小和混凝土强度有关;然后,通过提出塑性变形发展程度系数k,推导新的RC梁开裂弯矩计算公式,并进一步基于k值和塑性影响系数计算值γ_k进行改进;最后,选取12根RC试验梁验证改进公式的准确性,证明改进公式的计算值与试验值吻合更好且偏于安全。     

基于多尺度特征应变均匀化计算HCP多晶体塑性

结合基于位错密度的晶体塑性模型与特征应变均匀化方法来分析HCP晶体结构材料的力学行为,拟开发一种计算模型用于有效捕捉以及预测微观与结构尺度的裂纹产生。首先,与传统的晶体塑性有限元相比,该多尺度模型可以提高计算效率并同时保持微观尺度的捕捉精度。其次,将模型与试验结果的差值为优化目标,在满足物理学定义的条件下得到合理的材料参数。最终,结构尺度的模拟显示该模型可以获取在结构尺度与微观晶粒尺度的潜在裂纹生长区域。     

The relation between the generalised Eshelby integral and the generalised BCS and DB modelsvspace1mm

The generalised BCS dislocation group model and the generalised DB atomic cohesive force zone model have obtained the same results on nonlinear fracture study of some one-, two- and three-dimensional quasicrystals. This work reveals some inherent connection between the two models, and finds that their common basis is the generalised Eshelby integral based on the generalised Eshelby energy--momentum tensor for quasicrystals. Further applications of the theory in solving nonlinear fracture problems of the materials are also discussed.     

Contact between two plastically deformable crystals: a discrete dislocation dynamics study

It is customary to simplify the analysis of contact between two elastically deformable bodies by treating an equivalent problem where only one body is deformable and the other is rigid. This is possible provided that the gap geometry and the effective elastic modulus of the bodies in the simplified problem are the same as in the original problem. However, the question arises on whether – and to which extent – the simplification is still valid even when (size-dependent) plasticity occurs. Studies using discrete dislocation plasticity have also, so far, addressed simple contact problems where only one body can deform plastically. Here, we extend the analysis to two bodies in contact that can both deform by dislocation plasticity and investigate under which conditions the response agrees with that of an equivalent simplified problem. The bodies in contact are metal single crystals with sinusoidal and flat surface. It is found that the response of two plastically deformable bodies in contact can be simplified to an equivalent problem where one body is rigid and the other can deform plastically. Also, a plasticity size effect is observed, but the effect fades when the platen becomes more plastically deformable.     

A ‘stack’ model of rate-independent polycrystals

A novel ‘stack’ model of a rate-independent polycrystal, which extends the ‘ALAMEL’ model of Van Houtte et al. (2005) is proposed. In the ‘stack’ model, stacks of N neighboring ‘ALAMEL’ domains collectively accommodate the imposed macroscopic deformation while deforming such that velocity and traction continuity with their neighbors is maintained. The flow law and consistency conditions are derived and an efficient solution methodology based on the linear programming technique is given. The present model is applied to study plastic deformation of an idealized two-dimensional polycrystal under macroscopically imposed plane-strain tension and simple shear constraints. Qualitative and quantitative variations in the predicted macroscopic and microscopic response with N are presented. The constraint on individual ‘ALAMEL’ domains diminishes with stack size N but saturates for large N. Computational effort associated with the present model is analyzed and found to be well within one order of magnitude greater than that required to solve the classical Taylor model. Furthermore, implementation of the consistency conditions is found to reduce computation time by at least 50%.     

Neural Networks in Which Synaptic Patterns Fluctuate with Time

We study a stochastic neural-network model in which neurons and synapses change with a priori probability p and 1–p, respectively, in the limit p0. This implies neuron activity competing with fast fluctuations of the synaptic connections—in fact, random oscillations around values given by a learning (for example, Hebb's) rule. The consequences for the system performance of a dynamics constantly checking at random the set of memorized patterns is thus studied both analytically and numerically. We describe various nonequilibrium phase transitions whose nature depends on the properties of fluctuations. We find, in particular, that under rather general conditions locally stable mixture states do not occur, and pattern recognition and retrieval processes are substantially improved for some classes of synaptic fluctuations.