三线摆实验现象的分析

本文从理论和实验上分别研究了三线摆在大角度摆动下的周期与角度的关系,设计制作了仪器摆动角度测量装置。实验发现了三线摆摆动过程中的平动,在实验条件下,发现平动周期约是摆动周期的5倍。我们还研究了三线摆阻尼的实验情况,推导出了在有阻尼的情况下摆动周期的公式。     

椭圆环形刚体转动惯量的数值计算

用Matlab编程对椭圆环形刚体的转动惯量进行了数值计算,并拟合出了椭圆环形刚体转动惯量的多项式表示式,从而可快速计算出椭圆环形刚体的转动惯量.     

转动惯量测试仪的改进

转动惯量测量实验是大学物理实验中综合实验项目之一,目前高校工科物理实验常用三线摆法测量刚体的转动惯量,而转动惯量测试仪目前都无测量过程周期自检报错功能,为减少学生使用过程中出错概率,对仪器增加自检功能,提高测量准确度,同时为方便记录,增加了周期记忆功能。     

摆杆和摆杆座质量对复摆实验的影响

通过理论分析证明复摆实验装置中摆杆和摆杆座质量对实验的影响,指出在摆杆和摆杆座的质量不能忽略的情况下,由摆杆、摆杆座和摆锤组成的刚体并非固定刚体。针对现有的刚体系统重新设计实验方案,推导出利用该装置测量重力加速度的理论公式,实验结果证明该方案切实可行。     

Comparison between formulas of rotational band for axially symmetric deformed nuclei

The experimental rotational spectra of the deformed nuclei available in even-even and odd-A nuclei in the rare-earth and actinide regions are systematically analyzed with several rotational spectra formulas, including Bohr-Mottelson's I(I+1)-expansion, Harris' ω²-expansion, ab and abc formulas. It is shown that the simple 2-parameter ab formula is much better than the widely used 2-parameter Bohr-Mottelson's AB formula and Harris'αβ formula. The available data of the rotational spectra of both ground-state band in even-even nuclei and one-quasiparticle band in odd-A nuclei can be conveniently and rather accurately reproduced by ab formula and abc formula. The moment of inertia and the variation with rotational frequency of angular momentum can be satisfactorily reproduced by ab and abc formulas.     

前身中子星转动惯量的研究

The influences of σ^＊ and Ф mesons, temperature and coupling constants of nucleons on the moment of inertia of the proto neutron star （PNS） are examined in the framework of relativistic mean field theory for the baryon octet {n, p, A, ∑^-, ∑^,∑^＋,^-, ^0} system. It is found that, compared with that without considering σ^＊ and Ф mesons, the moment of inertia decreases. It is also found that the higher the temperature, the larger the incompressibility and symmetry energy coefficient, and the larger the moment of inertia of a PNS. The influence of temperature and coupling constants of the nucleons on the moment of inertia of a PNS is larger than that of the σ^＊ and Ф mesons.     

能通过大质量中子星转动惯量来限定超子参数吗?

在相对论平均场理论（RMFT）框架内,使用GL91参数组结合超核数据和大质量中子星的观测数据限定超子标量耦合参数X_σ=0.59~1.0,用慢转近似计算了大质量中子星和前中子星的转动惯量。当X_σ从0.59增加到1.0,中子星（前中子星）的最大转动惯量增幅达89%（60%）。在同样的变化范围内,用Crab的观测数据,计算得到中子星（前中子星）的最大能量损失（dE/dt）的增幅为44%（25%）,最大磁场增幅为48%（38%）。相比于前中子星,中子星的性质对超子参数更为敏感。当X_σ从0.59增加到1.0,PSR J0348+0432的转动惯量和dE/dt的增幅均为14%,而磁场减幅为10%。如果天文观测能够给出中子星转动惯量的上限,或者同时精确测量中子星的质量和转动惯量,能帮助人们进一步限定超子参数。In the framework of the relativistic mean field theory(RMFT) with GL91 cets, the momentum of inertia (I) of slowly rotating neutron stars is studied by perturbative approach. The scalar hyperon coupling should lie in the range of X_σ=0.59~1.0 to be compatible with massive neutron stars. As X_σ increases from 0.59 to 1.0, the maximum momentum of inertia(I_max) of neutron (protoneutron) stars increases by 89% (60%). According to the data of Crab, the maximum energy loss(dE/dt) of neutron (protoneutron) stars will increase by 44%(25%)and the maximum magnetic field (B) will increase by 48%(38%). I and dE/dt of PSR J0348+0432 both increase by 14%, while B decreases by 10% as X_σ increases from 0.59 to 1.0. So if the upper bound of I, or the accurate values of both the mass and I of neutron stars could be provided by the astronomical observations, the hyperon couplings should be further constrained in the future.     

均质多边形薄板绕任一对角线转动的转动惯量

运用均质三角形薄板对任一边、对过顶点且与对边平行的轴的转动惯量公式,得到了用薄板的质量、边长及对角线长表示的均质多边形薄板对任一对角线的转动惯量.     

落体法测刚体转动惯量的误差分析 1)

为了分析刚体转动惯量实验测定中摩擦力矩变化对测量结果的影响,本文对采用落体法测角加速度方法进行了实测检验。结果表明,摩擦力矩随载物系统转速增大而显著增加,系统空载测量时,减速过程角加速度对应平均转速远大于加速过程平均转速,如果不进行修正,则导致计算结果偏低。而相同质量砝码拉动系统负载测量时,加速过程和减速过程对应平均转速相对接近,测量值主要受测量随机误差影响。上述结果有利于进一步开展转轴摩擦力矩随转速变化系统性的研究。     

实时测算阻尼比研究转动惯量

以``长摆线三线摆'为物理动力学模型, 采用拉格朗日第二类方程研究阻尼对工件转动惯量测量的影响, 针对``振幅测量法'中很难测准摆幅幅值等实际问题,提出一种``等弧--时间比法', 即通过计算悬盘在不同周期内、在相同位置摆过相等圆弧所用时间比来计算系统阻尼比$\zeta$的方法, 提高外形尺寸较大工件的转动惯量测量精度.