污染对斯特林制冷机性能影响的实验研究

向斯特林制冷机内在线、连续地添加污染杂质进行污染加速试验,得到了不同污染对制冷机性能影响的量化规律.结果表明,随着污染量的增加,制冷能力首先稍微增强,然后出现衰减.水蒸气、酒精、丙酮分别在74 mg、31 mg、114 mg使制冷性能产生约40%的衰减.此外,加入污染后降温速率变慢.从换热、流阻角度对结果进行了分析.实验结论有助于斯特林制冷机的可靠性考核和寿命预测.     

Deposition and electrostatic removal of gaseous organic contaminants on substrate surfaces

The adhesion behavior of di-n-butyl phthalate (DBP) onto different substrates (quartz, glass, and silicon) used as wafer surfaces was studied by using an in situ UV spectrophotometric technique. The results from the closed cell experiments revealed that greatest extent of DBP adhesion occurred on the quartz chip (0.154 μg cm⁻²), followed in the order by the glass (0.054 μg cm⁻²) and silicon (0.039 μg cm⁻²). By means of the in situ spectrophotometric observation, application of an electrical field at 290 V cm⁻¹ in the cell proved to be effective in inducing charging of DBP aerosols, which were consequently attracted towards the electrodes. This method can be applied to wafer storage and transport equipments to prevent wafer contamination from material outgassing representative by DBP.     

改革开放以来我国产业结构的地区间比较及动态分析

产业结构提升是一国或地区经济素质的重要表现,是国民经济宏观管理的重要目标。本文对1978-2007我国产业结构的变化,以及地区间产业结构的相似性等问题进行了定量分析。主要内容包括:1978年以来全国产业结构的状况描述及变动检验,各地区产业结构变化及其与全国产业结构相比的类似性,产业结构特征的地区间分类。主要结论有:不论是从全国还是从各个地区来说我国三次产业结构变化总体上符合产业结构演变的规律;产业结构在地区间表现出较弱的不平衡性,没有出现整体性产业结构趋同化现象等。     

微通道板表面发雾的AES分析

应用俄歇电子能谱对微通道板表面发雾区域进行分析。分析结果表明,发雾区碳含量比正常区高三倍。由此可推测出,发雾是由碳污染引起的,而这种碳污染很可能是残留于微通道板上的某些有机物在烧氢时碳化所致。     

Computational Modeling of Organizations Comes of Age

As they are maturing—i.e., as they are becoming validated, calibrated and refined—computational emulation models of organizations are evolving into: powerful new kinds of organizational design tools for predicting and mitigating organizational risks; and flexible new kinds of organizational theorem-provers for validating extant organization theory and developing new theory. Over the past 50 years, computational modeling and simulation have had enormous impacts on the rate of advancement of knowledge in fields like physics, chemistry and, more recently, biology; and their subsequent application has enabled whole new areas of engineering practice. In the same way, as our young discipline comes of age, computational organizational models are beginning to impact behavioral, organizational and economic science, and management consulting practice. This paper attempts to draw parallels between computational modeling in natural sciences and computational modeling of organizations as a contributor to both social science and management practice.To illustrate the lifecycle of a computational organizational model that is now relatively mature, this paper traces the evolution of the Virtual Design Team (VDT) computational modeling and simulation research project at Stanford University from its origins in 1988 to the present. It lays out the steps in the process of validating VDT as a computational emulation model of organizations to the point that VDT began to influence management practice and, subsequently, to advance organizational science. We discuss alternate research trajectories that can be taken by computational and mathematical modelers who prefer the typical natural science validation trajectory—i.e., who attempt to impact organizational science first and, perhaps subsequently, to impact management practice.The paper concludes with a discussion of the current state-of-the-art of computational modeling of organizations and some thoughts about where, and how rapidly, the field is headed.     

煤粉再燃对600 MW锅炉NOx排放的影响

在国内某台燃用褐煤的600 MW机组锅炉上进行了煤粉再燃技术示范并进行了工业试验.机组在600 MW负荷下运行时,NOx排放可控制在274 mg/m3(烟气中氧量折算到6%,下同)的水平,比改造前下降了65.36%,同时燃烧效率没有降低.进行了常规通风、空气分级和煤粉再燃三个工况下的试验,结果表明,煤粉再燃对NOx的控制效果最好,其次为空气分级.再燃煤粉比例对NOx排放也有明显的影响,在试验条件下,随着再燃燃料比例的增加,NOx排放呈降低趋势.     

COD速测仪测定工业废水中CODCr

采用标准回流法和仪器法（用ＣＯＤ速测仪）对工业废水化学需氧量进行对照测定，结果发现，用ＣＯＤ速测仪测定工业废水，简便、快速、精密度好、准确度高。     

我国经济增长与产业结构演进关系的研究——基于面板数据模型的实证分析

本文运用面板数据模型,对我国各省1996-2005年人均GDP及三次产业产值比重的关系分别进行了模型拟合,结论认为:我国经济增长对产业结构变化的影响显著,而后者对前者的影响在统计上并不显著,我国经济增长模式是需求导向型的。其次,就各次产业与人均GDP的关系看,第一产业与人均GDP呈现负相关关系,而第二、三产业与人均GDP呈现正相关关系。     

Active Inference: Applicability to Different Types of Social Organization Explained through Reference to Industrial Engineering and Quality Management

Active inference is a physics of life process theory of perception, action and learning that is applicable to natural and artificial agents. In this paper, active inference theory is related to different types of practice in social organization. Here, the term social organization is used to clarify that this paper does not encompass organization in biological systems. Rather, the paper addresses active inference in social organization that utilizes industrial engineering, quality management, and artificial intelligence alongside human intelligence. Social organization referred to in this paper can be in private companies, public institutions, other for-profit or not-for-profit organizations, and any combination of them. The relevance of active inference theory is explained in terms of variational free energy, prediction errors, generative models, and Markov blankets. Active inference theory is most relevant to the social organization of work that is highly repetitive. By contrast, there are more challenges involved in applying active inference theory for social organization of less repetitive endeavors such as one-of-a-kind projects. These challenges need to be addressed in order for active inference to provide a unifying framework for different types of social organization employing human and artificial intelligence.