卟啉类光敏剂在染料敏化太阳能电池中的应用

染料敏化太阳能电池结合了染料光敏剂和无机半导体的优势，具有较宽的光谱响应范围，制造工艺简单、成本较低，对环境友好，应用前景广阔，因而备受人们的关注。本文以卟啉配合物为主线，介绍光敏太阳能电池的基本构造和光电原理，从改善电池性能的角度，综述了各种卟啉类光敏剂在染料太阳能电池中的应用，讨论了卟啉配合物及其超分子结构对光电转化率的影响机理。     

Sorption properties of freshly precipitated alumogels

The influence of the pH of precipitation and the ionic medium nature on the composition, surface charge, and kinetic sorption characteristics of aluminum oxyhydroxides formed by alkaline hydrolysis of an aqueous solution of aluminum nitrate was studied. The methods of drop titration with alkali, argentometric titration, point of zero charge, and indicator reactions of heterogeneous hydrolysis were used. The composition of the freshly precipitated hydrogels of aluminum(iii) oxyhydroxide, rate constants of heterogeneous hydrolysis of the IrCl₆ ^2– ions as indicator reactions, and the pH of the point of zero charge were determined. The rate of indicator reactions (as for other oxyhydroxide hydrogels) depends strongly on the pH of precipitation. However, it is lower than the rates characteristics of iron(iii) and chromium(iii) oxyhydroxides obtained under similar conditions. The pH of the point of zero charge for the alumogels in a chloride medium is 8.3 and that in a sulfate medium is 9.5.     

The Effect of Cyclodextrins on the Photochemical Stability of 7-Amino-4-methylcoumarin in Aqueous Solution

The effect of -, - and -cyclodextrin onthe photochemical stability of 7-amino-4-methylcoumarin (C120)was studied. Using spectroscopic techniques (UV/Vis absorption spectroscopy, fluorescence, fluorescence anisotropy and circular dichroism) combined with HPLC/MS and MS analysis it was demonstrated that addition of -cyclodextrin to the aqueoussolution of C120 markedly inhibits the photodegradation of that dye. This results from theformation of an inclusion complex between C120 and -cyclodextrin.     

Identification of a chemical indicator of the rupture of 1,4-β-glycosidic bonds of cellulose in an oil-impregnated insulating paper system

In this study, headspace gas chromatography/mass spectrometry has been used to assess the volatile by-products generated by the ageing of oil-impregnated paper insulation of power transformers. Sealed-glass ampoules were used to age under oxidative conditions 0.5-g specimens of insulating paper in 9 mL of inhibited mineral oil in a temperature range of 60–120 °C and moisture of 0.5, 1 and 2% (w/w). A linear relationship between one of the oil-soluble degradation by-products, i.e. methanol, and the number of ruptured 1,4-β-glycosidic bonds of cellulose, regardless of the type of paper (ordinary Kraft or thermally-upgraded (TU) Kraft paper), was established for the first time in this field. Ageing at 130 °C of model compounds of the Kraft paper constituents (α-cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin) and two cellulosic breakdown by-products (D-(+)-glucose and 1,6-anhydro-β-d-glucopyranose) confirmed that the α-cellulose degradation was mostly responsible for the presence of this molecule in the system. Furthermore, additional 130 °C-tests with six different papers and pressboard samples under a tight control of initial moisture indicated that at least one molecule of methanol is formed for each rupture of 1,4-β-glucosidic bond of the molecular chains. Stability tests showed that the ageing indicator is stable under the oxygen and temperature conditions of open-breathing transformers. The presence of methanol was detected in 94% of oil samples collected from over than 900 in-service pieces of equipment, confirming the potential for this application. Lastly, the tests have shown that oil-oxidation by-products and TU-nitrogenous agents modify the methanol partitioning coefficients in the paper/oil/air system, which makes their study essential over a range of field conditions encountered by power transformers. Results are presented and discussed in comparison with 2-furfuraldehyde, which is the current reference in the domain.     

氯取代硫三碳菁染料的合成及性能

本文合成了七个硫三碳菁.其中四个具有桥环的菁染料。测定了它们的电子吸收光谱,讨论了结构对光稳定性的影响。并发现镍络合物能有效地抑制菁染料的光退色。     

光同时诱导水中Cr(Ⅵ)的还原与橙黄Ⅱ的氧化

光同时诱导水中Cr(Ⅵ)的还原与橙黄Ⅱ的氧化;染料;橙黄Ⅱ;Cr(Ⅵ);光还原;光降解     

Background-free,fast protein staining in sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel using counterion dyes,zincon and ethyl violet

A background-free, fast protein staining method in polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis using an acidic dye, zincon (ZC) and a basic dye, ethyl violet (EV) is described. It is based on the counterion dye staining technique that employs two oppositely charged dyes to form an ion-pair complex in staining solution. The selective binding of free dye molecules to proteins in acidic solution produces bluish violet-colored bands. It is a rapid and end-point staining procedure, involving only fixing and staining steps that are completed in 1-1.5 h. The detection limit of this method is 8-15 ng of protein that is comparable to the sensitivity of the colloidal Coomassie Brilliant Blue G (CBBG) stain. Due to its sensitivity and speed, this stain may be more practical than any other dye-based stains for routine laboratory purposes.     

Development of aryl-containing dipyrrolyldiketone difluoroboron complexes (BONEPYs): Tune the hydrogen bond o–CH···F for fluoride recognition

Dipyrrolyldiketone difluoroboron complexes (BONEPYs) were synthesized by condensation of the corresponding pyrroles and malonyl chloride followed by treatment with BF₃·OEt₂. The aryl-substituted pyrrole is introduced to form a cyclic system in order to investigate anion binding studies. In BONEPYs 1–3 the o-H of the aryl group forms hydrogen bonding with F⁻ to give a more table complex. In contrast, the intramolecular hydrogen-bonded BONEPY endo-4 is more stable than its exo isomer. While adding F⁻, the hydrogen bonds must be broken first to give 4·(3)F⁻. Owing to the electron-rich group (-OMe), the o-H of the phenyl group can hardly interact with F⁻ via hydrogen bonding to give the less stable complex 4·(5)F⁻. The energy differences between the different conformations were calculated using DFT methods, which is consistent to the experimental observations.     

方酸染料在远红光区／近红外区对纳米晶二氧化钛电极的高效敏化作用

Four para-dialkylaminophenyl （PDAAP1-PDAAP4） bearing carboxyl groups were studied for application to the dye-sensitized solar cells （DSC）. It was found the short spacer CH2 between carboxyl and dialkylaminophenyl chromophore in PDAAP3 and PDAAP4 led to highly efficient monochromatic incident photon-to-current conversion efficiencies （IPCE）, however the long alkyl group C4H9 attached on aniline moieties in PDAAP2 and PDAAP4 favored improvement of open-circuit photovoltage. Thus, the solar cell sensitized by PDAAP4, having both short carboxyl groups CH2COOH and long alkyl groups C4H9, exhibited the IPCE maximum of 73% at 670 nm and overall energy conversion efficiency η of 3.06%, representing the highest IPCE and η values so far in dialkylaminophenyl-based organic dye-sensitized semiconductor solar cells. Taking advantage of the highly efficient sensitizing ability of PDAAP4 in far-red region, the data of IPCE above 630 nm of the solar cells were improved greatly by cosensitization with both N3 and PDAAP4. The influences of the TiO2 film thickness and the concentration of 4-tert-butylpyridine （TBP） in electrolyte were also investigated.     

2-取代吡啶半菁染料的无溶剂微波合成及光谱性质的理论研究

在微波促进无溶剂条件下, 由N-甲基-2-甲基吡啶碘盐与取代芳香醛在哌啶作用下合成了一系列2-取代的吡啶半菁染料, 产物结构由元素分析, ¹H NMR, MS, IR, UV得到确认. 该方法操作简便, 收率高. 在此基础上, 对N-甲 基-2-(p-N,N-二甲氨基-苯乙烯基)吡啶半菁染料的光谱性质进行了理论计算.