光致变色多阶游程光存储研究

多阶游程存储是一种不改变光学系统而显著提高光存储容量和数据传输率的新方法.介绍了光致变色多阶游程存储原理和实验系统.提出了基于光致变色原理的多阶游程存储数学模型，该模型反映了记录符反射率与曝光功率、曝光时间之间的非线性关系，并在此基础上确定了光致变色多阶游程存储的写策略.基于650nm光致变色材料进行了4阶游程存储的动态实验.结果表明，实验中采用的650nm光致变色材料可用于多阶游程存储，采用的写策略能够有效地使记录信道线性化，利于采用适合线性系统的信号处理方法. 关键词： 多阶游程 光致变色 光存储 写策略     

Potential-Decomposition Strategy in Markov Chain Monte Carlo Sampling Algorithms

We introduce the potential-decomposition strategy （PDS）, which can be used in Markov chain Monte Carlo sampling algorithms. PDS can be designed to make particles move in a modified potential that favors diffusion in phase space, then, by rejecting some trial samples, the target distributions can be sampled in an unbiased manner. Furthermore, if the accepted trial samples are insumcient, they can be recycled as initial states to form more unbiased samples. This strategy can greatly improve efficiency when the original potential has multiple metastable states separated by large barriers. We apply PDS to the 2d Ising model and a double-well potential model with a large barrier, demonstrating in these two representative examples that convergence is accelerated by orders of magnitude.     

Control strategy of central pattern generator gait movement under condition of attention selection

As a typical rhythmic movement, human being’s rhythmic gait movement can be generated by a central pattern generator (CPG) located in a spinal cord by self-oscillation. Some kinds of gait movements are caused by gait frequency and amplitude variances. As an important property of human being’s motion vision, the attention selection mechanism plays a vital part in the regulation of gait movement. In this paper, the CPG model is amended under the condition of attention selection on the theoretical basis of Matsuoka neural oscillators. Regulation of attention selection signal for the CPG model parameters and structure is studied, which consequentially causes the frequency and amplitude changes of gait movement output. Further, the control strategy of the CPG model gait movement under the condition of attention selection is discussed, showing that the attention selection model can regulate the output model of CPG gait movement in three different ways. The realization of regulation on the gait movement frequency and amplitude shows a variety of regulation on the CPG gait movement made by attention selection and enriches the controllability of CPG gait movement, which demonstrates potential influence in engineering applications.     

A hybrid of adjustable trust-region and nonmonotone algorithms for unconstrained optimization

This study devotes to incorporating a nonmonotone strategy with an automatically adjusted trust-region radius to propose a more efficient hybrid of trust-region approaches for unconstrained optimization. The primary objective of the paper is to introduce a more relaxed trust-region approach based on a novel extension in trust-region ratio and radius. The next aim is to employ stronger nonmonotone strategies, i.e. bigger trust-region ratios, far from the optimizer and weaker nonmonotone strategies, i.e. smaller trust-region ratios, close to the optimizer. The global convergence to first-order stationary points as well as the local superlinear and quadratic convergence rates are also proved under some reasonable conditions. Some preliminary numerical results and comparisons are also reported.     

突发公共卫生事件健康教育基本策略探讨

突发公共卫生事件一直是政府组织十分关注的问题。当前,在公共卫生事件出现高频率的发生几率后,健康教育工作已占据着越来越重要的地位。从宏观角度来说,突发公共卫生事件是一个涵盖范围十分广泛的事件内容,其事件包含了多个可预测与不可预测的突发状况,也包含了任何地点、任何社会群体以及任何事件当中,因此在健康教育上,需从宏观范围进行全面计划,以系统式方式对各个突发公共卫生事件做出针对性教育,且对教育内容作出可行性评估,切实保障健康教育对突发公共卫生事件有一定的作用及影响力。对此,为进一步探讨该话题,针对突发公共卫生事件健康教育基本策略展开详细探讨。     

Two-dimensional turbulent flow chromatography coupled on-line to liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry for solution-based ligand screening against multiple proteins

We present herein a novel bioseparation/chemical analysis strategy for protein–ligand screening and affinity ranking in compound mixtures, designed to increase screening rates and improve sensitivity and ruggedness in performance. The strategy is carried out by combining on-line two-dimensional turbulent flow chromatography (2D-TFC) with liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry (LC–MS), and accomplished through the following steps: (1) a reversed-phase TFC stage to separate the protein/ligand complex from the unbound free molecules, (2) an on-line dissociation process to release the bound ligands from the complexes, and (3) a second mixed-mode cation-exchange/reversed-phase TFC stage to trap the bound ligands and to remove the proteins and salts, followed by LC–MS analysis for identification and determination of the binding affinities. The technique can implement an ultra-fast isolation of protein/ligand complex with the retention time of a complex peak in about 5 s, and on-line prepare the “clean” sample to be directly compatible with the LC–MS analysis. The improvement in performance of this 2D-TFC/LC–MS approach over the conventional approach has been demonstrated by determining affinity-selected ligands of the target proteins acetylcholinesterase and butyrylcholinesterase from a small library with known binding affinities and a steroidal alkaloid library composed of structurally similar compounds. Our results show that 2D-TFC/LC–MS is a generic and efficient tool for high-throughput screening of ligands with low-to-high binding affinities, and structure-activity relationship evaluation.     

Designing a contaminated soil sampling strategy for human health risk assessment

Human health risk assessment is a site-based approach used to identify the potential health hazards which are induced by an old site contamination. For a proper evaluation of the daily doses of contaminants to which people will be exposed given the future occupation of the site, both a characterization and a quantification of soil pollution are needed. Such information can be provided by soil sampling. Thus the choice of the location, the number, depth and type of soil samples is very important and ought to follow a well-defined strategy. A review of contaminated site sampling practices in Europe and North America could not identify any completely formalized sampling strategy for human health risk assessment. On the contrary there are several approaches which can be roughly classified into two categories: a systematic sampling scheme over the whole site, on the one hand, and a sampling design driven by an initial knowledge of the contamination sources and fitted to the suspected pollution pattern, on the other. The first approach provides a complete coverage of the site but it may be rather expensive and entail useless sampling. The performance of the second depends on the quality of prior information. Actually both methods can be combined as explained hereafter. In view of the specificity of each site, the requirements of health risk assessment and the time and cost constraints, it seems difficult to work out a typical soil sampling strategy suitable for all sites. However, some recommendations can be made according to the site dimensions, the nature, degree and heterogeneity of contamination, and the (future) use of the site. The scientist should thus rely on a thorough examination of all available information (site history, geology and hydrogeology, soil properties, contaminants behaviour , etc.) to delimit contaminated areas as homogeneous as possible and then distribute the sampling points (e.g.using a sampling grid). They should also take the potential exposure paths into account in order to define the areas and soil strata to be sampled as a priority. Statistical and geostatistical tools can be helpful for formulating a sampling strategy as well as for interpreting the collected data. Received: 7 December 2001 Accepted: 24 February 2002     

血清中17α-羟孕酮的测定方法及其研究进展

阐述了17α-羟孕酮的检测在临床诊断研究方面的重要意义,综述了血清中17α-羟孕酮的检测方法及其研究进展。     

Synthesis of a “molecular rope curtain”: Preparation and characterization of a sliding graft copolymer with grafted poly(ethylene glycol) side chains by the “grafting onto” strategy

A sliding graft copolymer (SGC) with poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) side chains was prepared by ester formation between terminal carboxyl groups of oxidized PEG methyl ether with molecular weight of 2000 (mPEG2000‐COOH) and hydroxyl groups of a polyrotaxane consisting of PEG and cyclodextrins (CDs). Formation of the SGC structure was confirmed by ¹H NMR, attenuated total reflectance Fourier‐transformed infrared, and gel permeation chromatography. The SGC was soluble in good solvents of PEG and insoluble in poor solvents of PEG. Estimation of the number of grafted mPEG chains suggested a “rope‐curtain” like structure, in which an mPEG chain is connected to each CD ring. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem, 2011