Defects inspection of the solder bumps using self reference technology in active thermography

With the decrease of solder bumps in dimension and pitch, defects inspection of the solder bumps become more difficult. A nondestructive detection system based on the active thermography has been developed for solder bumps inspection. However, heating non-uniformities and emissivity differences may impede the defects recognition. In this paper, we propose a method using a self reference technology based on a source distribution image (SDI) to eliminate the influence of unevenness in emissivity values and heating power distribution. Three thermograms captured right after the heat pulse are averaged to create the SDI. Then the SDI is subtracted from the original thermograms, and we get the thermal contrast images, in which eight points on the edge of each hot spot are selected as the feature points for the corresponding bump. Thermal difference between the feature points and the central point are adopted to quantify the thermal behaviors of the solder bumps, by which the missing bump is distinguished from the reference bumps. The results show that it is effective using the method to eliminate the impacts of emissivity unevenness and heating non-uniformities on defects identification in the active infrared test.     

基于Vega的红外图像仿真

介绍了红外成像仿真的基本理论,讨论了利用Vega传感器模块将输入的可见目标图像生成红外图像的技术。该技术使用Creator软件进行三维几何建模和纹理映射,使用TMM软件进行红外材质建模;然后,用Mat软件进行大气衰减的计算;最后,用SensorWorks软件进行传感器特性建模,通过光电转换生成红外图像。以阿帕奇AH6直升机为例进行了红外图像仿真,结果表明,利用Vega传感器模块进行传感器建模,建模效果较好,成本低,易于工程实现。     

300～1100nm多波段成像光学系统设计及杂光分析

设计了一套300～1100nm多波段光学系统,该系统能对目标的近紫外、可见光和近红外3个波段同时成像,可满足目标多波段信息探测的要求。由于在光学系统中镜筒内壁反射和棱镜表面反射会产生杂光和鬼像,因此,利用Light—Tools软件对此系统的杂光和鬼像进行了模拟分析。模拟结果表明,视场之外11．7—18．3°和-11．7～-18．3°的入射光线被胶合棱镜上下表面反射后,会聚焦到3个探测器靶面范围内,形成鬼像;6．2°-9．8°和一6．2°--9．8°的入射光线被镜筒反射后会在3个探测器上形成杂光。利用设计的多波段光学系统进行了相关实验,结果证明了模拟分析的正确性,表明此分析能用于指导多波段光学系统的设计和研制。提出了减少杂光和鬼像的相应措施,实验结果验证了提出的措施能够减少杂光及消除鬼像,提高系统成像质量。     

基于像素灰阶熵的自适应增强算法在乳腺CR图像中的应用

乳腺完全是由密度接近软组织构成,因此乳腺CR(Computed Radiography)放射图像对比度小,轻微的差别变化都可能是肿瘤的表现,要对其进行增强处理方能满足医生临床诊断的需要。而目前通用的乳腺CR图像增强算法对比度和噪声增强过度,丢失细节,为此提出了采用一种基于像素灰阶熵的自适应边缘增强算法对乳腺CR图像进行增强。该算法使用模糊影像增加对选择空间频率的响应,以增强乳腺CR图像结构边缘和细节;算法能根据乳腺CR图像灰度特性即像素灰阶熵来自适应的调节增强程度的加权因数K。实验证明,该算法处理后的乳腺CR图像细节丰富,信噪比高,增强后的图像具有良好的视觉效果,该算法是一种有效的适合乳腺CR医学图像的边缘细节增强算法。     

Two-scale image fusion of visible and infrared images using saliency detection

Military, navigation and concealed weapon detection need different imaging modalities such as visible and infrared to monitor a targeted scene. These modalities provide complementary information. For better situation awareness, complementary information of these images has to be integrated into a single image. Image fusion is the process of integrating complementary source information into a composite image. In this paper, we propose a new image fusion method based on saliency detection and two-scale image decomposition. This method is beneficial because the visual saliency extraction process introduced in this paper can highlight the saliency information of source images very well. A new weight map construction process based on visual saliency is proposed. This process is able to integrate the visually significant information of source images into the fused image. In contrast to most of the multi-scale image fusion techniques, proposed technique uses only two-scale image decomposition. So it is fast and efficient. Our method is tested on several image pairs and is evaluated qualitatively by visual inspection and quantitatively using objective fusion metrics. Outcomes of the proposed method are compared with the state-of-art multi-scale fusion techniques. Results reveal that the proposed method performance is comparable or superior to the existing methods.     

高分辨率蓝光光学显微测量系统

本系统用波长为405nm的超亮度蓝色发光二极管作为光学显微镜的照明光源，结合CCD图像传感技术和图像采集技术，实现了对显微图像的实时观察和存取的计算机化。观察到的DVD盘片的清晰显微图像表明，其光学分辨率优于400nm。运用自编的图像分析软件对采集到的CD RW光盘图像进行分析和标定，测定其道间距为1.6μm。因此，本系统在显微观测领域，特别是对观测和分析接近普通光学显微镜分辨极限尺寸的微结构，有重要的实用价值。     

周视大像旋稳海天线向量角补偿算法

为使两轴周视光电探测系统在三自由度扰动和大像旋条件下搜索并跟踪水面目标,在虚拟天际线焦平面像五自由度解析表达式基础上,推导出焦平面坐标系铅直轴的方向向量和该坐标系下海天出射平面法向量夹角的余弦表达式.该式求反余弦后减π/2,得到焦平面铅直坐标轴的方向向量和海天出射平面法向量小于π/2的夹角,该夹角的0.5倍作为俯仰反射镜的净作动量,目的是克服非线性像旋使包含目标信息的虚拟海天线的像线通过焦平面中心.该算法与方位补偿算法联动能够使目标像点始终逼近焦平面原点.通过数学模型仿真和真实工况试验都验证了俯仰机构位置环海天线向量角补偿算法的合理性.     

一种用硬件实现的Bayer格式图像恢复算法

针对传统的双线性Bayer彩色图像恢复算法恢复效果不理想,边界部分不明显,局部图像有团块等问题,提出了一种基于硬件实现的Bayer图像快速插值算法。采用梯度算法对Bayer格式图像绿色通道进行恢复,根据像素点所属的颜色组对蓝色通道进行恢复。实验结果表明,本文算法比双线性法有更好的峰值信噪比(PSNR)值,RGB 3个通道的PSNR值均比双线性法高5 dB以上,而且算法消耗时间比双线性法少,恢复的图像视觉效果更好。实验处理一幅512×512的全彩图像仅需要9.3 ms,完全可以满足实时性的要求,因此,本文算法在对实时性要求高的场合有很好的应用前景。     

一种新的单幅条纹图的相位解调方法

基于非载波条纹图的条纹灰度分布的极值准确定位,提出了一种新的由单幅条纹图解调相位方法.该方法首先准确定位每个条纹灰度的极值包括最大和最小,再基于极值图将条纹的强度值分布线性地变换到-1和1之间,最后利用arcos反余弦取代传统的atan2反正切算法求出相位,结合极值图就能快速准确地解调出含有封闭条纹的条纹图相位.本方法仅用一幅条纹图,不需要传统的条纹定级和对分数级条纹插值与拟合,自动判别条纹相位变化的波谷,准确获得条纹相位分布.这一方法使光测法研究动态和瞬态问题成为可能,而不需引入载波法调制条纹.文中通过实例说明了本方法的处理过程.     

Damage and fracture prediction of plastic-bonded explosive by digital image correlation processing

By digital correlation processing of Scanning electronic microscopy (SEM) images, the paper presents the deformation and damage analysis of an energetic material—the plastic-bonded explosive (PBX) on mesoscopic scale. The analysis is made by observing the deformation field resulted from the digital image correlation (DIC) processing of the images corresponding to the loading steps and comparing with the surface profiles of the composite material so as to visualize the matter damage near a preset crack. The results show that the local deformation disturbance can reveal the material damage even happened underneath the specimen surface. The strain distribution in the front of the preset crack, can be used to predict the propagating route of the microcrack initiated from the tip of the pre-crack, which is related to the splitting fracture of the granular-based composite under compressive loading.